Smoking,serum antioxidant vitamin levels and age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To evaluate associations between the grades of age related macular degeneration(AMD)and serum levels of antioxidant vitamins(vitamin A, C and E)and smoking. <p>METHODS: Fifty-three AMD patients and 31 individuals having ages matching with the patient group were enrolled the study. Colored fundus photographs of the macula were used to place participants(<i>n</i>=84)into one of the five groups(Grade I-V)based on the frequency and severity of the lesions associated with AMD. Serum antioxidant vitamin levels were measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC). Smoking status was classified as non-smoker, ex-smoker and current smoker. Total number of packs smoked per year, was defined.<p>RESULTS: The distribution of vitamin A, E, and C levels were 0.874±0.326mg/L, 10.739±4.874mg/L, 1.737±0.447mg/L in control group and 0.880±0.305mg/L, 9.487±6.060mg/L, 1.870±2.191mg/L in AMD group, respectively. The difference between AMD and control group was not statistically significant for vitamin A, E and C levels(<i>P</i>>0.05). There were no significant differences between subgroups of AMD for vitamin A(<i>P</i>=0.881)and vitamin E(<i>P</i>=0.293)but there was a contradicting rise of vitamin C levels(<i>P</i>=0.044)with increasing levels of the disease. There were no significant differences between AMD and control group regarding smoking status, but there was a significant difference for total number of packs smoked per year(<i>P</i>=0.02). An increase of number of total packs smoked per year was determined along with the rising grade of AMD(<i>P</i>=0.007). <p>CONCLUSION: We found no relation between AMD and serum levels of vitamin A and E but vitamin C levels was increase with AMD grades unexpectedly. We found dose-response relationship between smoking and AMD

Grape seed protects cholestatic rats liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury

CONCLUSION: Oral grape-seed extract treatment can improve liver functions and attenuate the inflammation and oxidative stress in cholestatic ischemia/reperfusion injury