Reactive sputter magnetron reactor for preparation of thin films and simultaneous in-situ structural study by X-ray diffraction.

Reactive Sputter Magnetron (RSM) is a widely used technique to thin films growing\ud of compounds both, in research laboratories and in industrial processes. The nature\ud of the deposited compound will depend then on the nature of the magnetron target\ud and the nature of the ions generated in the plasma. One important aspect of the\ud problem is the knowledge of the evolution of the film during the process of growing\ud itself. In this work, we present the design, construction of a chamber to be installed\ud in the Huber goniometer in the XRD2 line of LNLS in Campinas, which allows in\ud situ growing kinetic studies of thin films.ANPCy

Evalution of normal CSF velocities at the level of aqueduct amongst Indian rural adults using 1.5 Tesla MRI

Rapid advances in imaging techniques have remarkably improved the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being the most recent. New MRI applications are continually being developed, providing improved assessment of CNS disorders and their response to treatment, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement, the alteration of which results in many clinical disorders with hydrocephalus (including normal pressure hydrocephalus), cystic CSF collections, and Chiari malformations being more common. CSF flow MRI can be used to discriminate between several disorders and provide information in the pre and postoperative evaluation of clinical disorders and surgical intervention. The aim of the study is to calculate and evaluate CSF flow velocities at the level of the aqueduct. MRI brain with CSF flow study was done in 40 patients. These patients were in the age group of 20-60 years and came with no significant clinical complaints. Phase contrast MRI scanning was used following the CSF quantitative flow protocol. A transverse single slice quantitative flow measurement was used to calculate the mean CSF flow velocity. Calculation of the CSF flow at the level of the cerebral aqueduct provides the best quantification of the CSF volume. It concluded that the normal range of the values of the CSF in normal individuals comes out to be 0.05 ±0.12 cm/sec

Evalution of normal CSF velocities at the level of aqueduct amongst Indian rural adults using 1.5 Tesla MRI

Rapid advances in imaging techniques have remarkably improved the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being the most recent. New MRI applications are continually being developed, providing improved assessment of CNS disorders and their response to treatment, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement, the alteration of which results in many clinical disorders with hydrocephalus (including normal pressure hydrocephalus), cystic CSF collections, and Chiari malformations being more common. CSF flow MRI can be used to discriminate between several disorders and provide information in the pre and postoperative evaluation of clinical disorders and surgical intervention. The aim of the study is to calculate and evaluate CSF flow velocities at the level of the aqueduct. MRI brain with CSF flow study was done in 40 patients. These patients were in the age group of 20-60 years and came with no significant clinical complaints. Phase contrast MRI scanning was used following the CSF quantitative flow protocol. A transverse single slice quantitative flow measurement was used to calculate the mean CSF flow velocity. Calculation of the CSF flow at the level of the cerebral aqueduct provides the best quantification of the CSF volume. It concluded that the normal range of the values of the CSF in normal individuals comes out to be 0.05 ±0.12 cm/sec

Flux limiters in the coupling of radiation and hydrodynamic models

AbstractTwo numerical approximations to radiative heat transfer problem based on asymptotic and entropy approaches are proposed for hydrodynamics radiation coupling. We compare the radiative fluxes between the two approaches and we show that the coupling based on the entropy approach is flux limited, while the other approach does not preserve this condition. Relaxation schemes are considered for the hydrodynamic part, and an iterative procedure is used for radiation. The new splitting algorithm avoids the use of Riemann solvers and Newton iterations. Numerical examples are carried out on two and three dimensional problems

Hydrogen production from alcohols using a surface wave discharge (SWD) at atmospheric pressure

Abstract In this work the results in the H 2 production from alcohols by microwave plasma at atmospheric pressure are presented. The importance of this study is based in the need to find other energy sources as an alternative to the oil use. The results show that the process presents a great simplicity, opposite to other complicated systems of generation of hydrogen and a low energetic cost compared with the other alternative energies