El discurso Periodístico Informativo en momentos de tensión electoral: Tratamiento periodístico de los diarios de circulación nacional “El Comercio” y “La República”, sobre la candidatura de Ollanta Humala en la semana previa a la segunda vuelta de los comicios electorales generales del 2011 (30/05/11 - 04/06/11)

Esta investigación se centra en el análisis de los textos informativos publicados por los diarios de circulación nacional: El Comercio y La República, relacionados a la candidatura de Ollanta Humala Tasso durante la semana previa al balotaje de los comicios electorales en Perú el año 2011. Y tiene el propósito de evidenciar, si en momentos de tensión política, como es una segunda vuelta, el equilibrio periodístico informativo y sus elementos se ven afectados por el contexto. Para ello, se explica la estrecha relación que guarda el periodismo con la política. Luego, se toma en cuenta los fundamentos del periodismo, para definir la naturaleza, matices y el lenguaje del periodismo informativo. A partir de ello, se construye el concepto de Equilibrio Periodístico Informativo, el cual está apoyado en una serie de elementos y de referentes. De igual forma, se considera el contexto político de la época, el cual sirve de referencia. A partir de ello, los resultados del análisis demuestran que el concepto de información, supuestamente asentado en ambos enunciadores, pierde algunas referencias por una serie elementos y presiones propias de tales coyunturas, donde hay una polarización política.This study focuses on the analysis of news published by El Comercio y La República, newspapers with nationwide circulation, which are related to Ollanta Humala Tasso’s bid for presidency during the previous week to the results of the second-round round-off elections in Peru in 2011. It also aims at showing, if under circumstances of political tension, as it is a second-round election, the equilibrium in news journalism and its elements are affected by context. For this purpose, it explains the close relationship between journalism and politics. Then, it deals with the fundamentals of journalism in order to define the nature, nuances, and language of news journalism. Based on the abovementioned, the concept of Equilibrium in News Journalism is developed, which is supported by a series of elements and referents. Similarly, the political context at that time is considered as a reference. From this, the results of this study show that the concept of news journalism, which is supposedly to be the foundation of both local newspapers involved in this study, loses certain references due to the presence of a series of elements and tensions from the contexts where there exists a political polarization.Tesi

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)