Conservación de oca (Oxalis tuberosa) bajo condiciones in vitro y corroboración de la estabilidad genética

Oxalis tuberosa Mol., comúnmente denominada oca es una especie que es conservada en el banco de germoplasma del INIA, teniendo más de 1800 accesiones conservadas en campo y aproximadamente 300 conservadas en un banco in vitro. Las características propias de esta especie en condiciones in vitro como la cantidad alta de fenolización del medio o un rápido crecimiento hacen necesario el constante subcultivo de esta especie, lo que resulta en un alto consumo de reactivos y horas de trabajo del personal técnico. Como solución a dicha problemática y considerando la necesidad de conservar todas las accesiones en el banco de germoplasma por motivos de seguridad alimentaria, el presente trabajo prueba 12 medios de conservación in vitro para oca. Se trabajó con la modificación de 3 componentes en el medio (sucrosa, sorbitol y ácido ascórbico) resultando en 12 tratamientos, además usamos 4 accesiones distintas y se evaluó las características relacionadas a la longitud y número de nudos del explante, características del tejido como la clorosis, defoliación, enraizamiento, necrosis y la fenolización del medio y viabilidad de los tejidos. Los resultados más resaltantes corresponden al tratamiento T11, que contiene 40 g/L de sucrosa, 20 g/L de sorbitol y 100 mg de ácido ascórbico, demostrando mejores características en sus tejidos por un mayor periodo posible y presentando un alto porcentaje de supervivencia luego de 17 meses de evaluación. Complementamos el experimento con la regeneración de los nudos en medio de regeneración y su evaluación a nivel morfológico y genotípico haciendo uso de marcadores de CGIAR/CIP e iniciadores para SSRs diseñados en esta especie, demostrando así que se mantiene la constitución genómica de los clones procedentes de la misma accesión luego de someterse a estos procedimientos de estrés.Perú. Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria. Programa Nacional de Innovación Agraria (PNIA)Perú. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Posgrado. Programa de Promoción de Tesis de Pregrado. B18100684-PTPGRAD

Chloroplast genome of Tillandsia landbeckii Phil. (Bromeliaceae) a species adapted to the hyper-arid conditions of the Atacama and Peruvian desert

Tillandsia landbeckii Phil. is a vulnerable species belonging to the terrestrial Bromeliaceae family; it is highly adapted to extremely hyper-arid conditions of the Atacama Desert and Peruvian deserts. In this study, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated its chloroplast genome. T. landbeckii chloroplast genome is 159,131 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region of 87,164 bp, a small single-copy region of 18,521 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 26,723 bp. The GC content of the chloroplast genome is 37.33%. It encodes a total of 132 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree indicates that T. landbeckii is placed within the Bromeliaceae family and has a close relationship with T. marconae with 100% support

Chloroplast genome of Tillandsia marconae till & Vitek (Bromeliaceae), a hyperarid desert endangered species

Tillandsia marconae Till & Vitek (Bromeliaceae) is a rare plant native species that grows over sand, in the coastal desert from Perú and Chile and is considered an endangered species. In this study, we assembled its chloroplast genome. The draft chloroplast genome of T. marconae is ca. 158,873 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region of 86,937 bp, a small single-copy region of 18,506 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 26,715 bp. The GC content of the draft chloroplast genome is 37.4%. It encodes a total of 135 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and three pseudogenes. The phylogenetic tree indicated that T. marconae is placed within the Bromeliaceae family and a close relationship with Tillandsia usneoides with 100% support

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of a Peruvian landrace of Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Solanaceae), arnaucho chili pepper

In this study, we sequenced the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of a Peruvian chili pepper landrace, “arnacucho” (Capsicum chinense). This cp genome has a 156,931 bp in length with typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single copy (LSC) region (87,325 bp) and a 17,912 bp small single-copy (SSC) region, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,847 bp); and the percentage of GC content was 37.71%. Arnaucho chili pepper chloroplast genome possesses 133 genes that consists of 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, eight rRNA, and two pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this Peruvian chili pepper landrace is closely related to the undomesticated species C. galapagoense; all belong to the Capsiceae tribe

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of a Peruvian landrace of Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Solanaceae), arnaucho chili pepper

In this study, we sequenced the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of a Peruvian chili pepper landrace, “arnacucho” (Capsicum chinense). This cp genome has a 156,931 bp in length with typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single copy (LSC) region (87,325 bp) and a 17,912 bp small single-copy (SSC) region, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,847 bp); and the percentage of GC content was 37.71%. Arnaucho chili pepper chloroplast genome possesses 133 genes that consists of 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, eight rRNA, and two pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this Peruvian chili pepper landrace is closely related to the undomesticated species C. galapagoense; all belong to the Capsiceae tribe

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Neglected Breed, the Peruvian Creole Cattle (Bos taurus), and Its Phylogenetic Analysis

Cattle spread throughout the American continent during the colonization years, originating creole breeds that adapted to a wide range of climate conditions. The population of creole cattle in Peru is decreasing mainly due to the introduction of more productive breeds in recent years. During the last 15 years, there has been significant progress in cattle genomics. However, little is known about the genetics of the Peruvian creole cattle (PCC) despite its importance to (i) improving productivity in the Andean region, (ii) agricultural labor, and (iii) cultural traditions. In addition, the origin and phylogenetic relationship of the PCC are still unclear. In order to promote the conservation of the PCC, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of a creole bull, which also possessed exceptional fighting skills and was employed for agricultural tasks, from the highlands of Arequipa for the first time. The total mitochondrial genome sequence is 16,339 bp in length with the base composition of 31.43% A, 28.64% T, 26.81% C, and 13.12% G. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. Among the 37 genes, 28 were positioned on the H-strand and 9 were positioned on the L-strand. The most frequently used codons were CUA (leucine), AUA (isoleucine), AUU (isoleucine), AUC (isoleucine), and ACA (threonine). Maximum likelihood reconstruction using complete mitochondrial genome sequences showed that the PCC is related to native African breeds. The annotated mitochondrial genome of PCC will serve as an important genetic data set for further breeding work and conservation strategies

Análisis Filogenéticos con Secuencias Genéticas Conservadas

El objetivo de introducir las bases de los análisis de secuencias de DNA en las investigaciones relacionadas a la filogenética, para personas que sean ajenas a estas metodologías o deseen ingresar a este tipo de estudios. Abarcaremos desde el análisis de electroferogramas hasta los análisis de relaciones fitogenéticas y la observación de resultados en árboles

The complete chloroplast genome of the national tree of Peru, quina (Cinchona officinalis L., Rubiaceae)

Here, we report the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Cinchona officinalis. This cp genome has a 156,984 bp in length with typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single copy (LSC) region (83,929 bp) and an 18,051 bp small single-copy (SSC) region, separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (27,502 bp). The total GC content was 37.75%. Quina tree chloroplast genome possesses 135 genes that consisted of 89 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, eight rRNA, and one pseudogene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. officinalis is sister to C. pubescens and sister to them is Isertia laevis; all belong to the Cinchonoideae sub-family