Differences between postmortem computed tomography and conventional autopsy in a stabbing murder case

Objective: The aim of the present work is to analyze the differences and similarities between the elements of a conventional autopsy and images obtained from postmortem computed tomography in a case of a homicide stab wound. Method: Comparison between the findings of different methods: autopsy and postmortem computed tomography. Results: In some aspects, autopsy is still superior to imaging, especially in relation to external examination and the description of lesion vitality. However, the findings of gas embolism, pneumothorax and pulmonary emphysema and the relationship between the internal path of the instrument of aggression and the entry wound are better demonstrated by postmortem computed tomography. Conclusions: Although multislice computed tomography has greater accuracy than autopsy, we believe that the conventional autopsy method is fundamental for providing evidence in criminal investigations

Desenvolvimento ponderal e diversidade fenotípica entre cruzamentos de ovinos Dorper com raças locais Growth rate and phenotypic diversity among crosses of Dorper ovines and local breeds

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desenvolvimento ponderal, por meio de curva de crescimento e pesos ajustados e avaliar a diversidade entre ovinos cruzados Dorper com as raças locais, com base em características de carcaça e morfológicas. Foram realizadas pesagens dos animais cruzados em intervalos de aproximadamente 15 dias e avaliados os efeitos de sexo, ano e grupo genético. Na estimativa dos parâmetros das curvas, foi utilizado o modelo não-linear Logístico e, a fim de avaliar o grau de similaridade entre os animais dos grupos genéticos, foram utilizadas variáveis canônicas. O sexo dos animais não influenciou o peso. Houve efeito de ano e grupo genético sobre o desenvolvimento dos animais. Conforme o modelo Logístico para a curva de crescimento, o grupo genético Dorper x Santa Inês apresentou maior velocidade de crescimento, estimado pelo peso à maturidade e taxa de maturação, seguido dos grupos genéticos Dorper x Morada Nova e Dorper x Rabo Largo. A análise de agrupamento ressaltou as diferenças entre os grupos genéticos e alocou os três cruzamentos em dois grupos, um formado pelos cruzamentos Dorper x Morada Nova e Dorper x Rabo Largo e o outro pelo cruzamento Dorper x Santa Inês.The goal of this work was to compare growth rate, by mean of growth and adjusted weight curves, and to analyze the diversity among crosses of Dorper ovines and local breeds, based on morphological and carcass features. Crossed animals were weighed in a 15-day-interval and the effects of sex, year and genetic group were analyzed. The non-linear Logistic model was used to estimate curve parameters and the degree of similarity among genetic groups was evaluated through canonic variables. Sex did not influence significantly on weight. There was a significant effect related to year and genetic group over animal's development. The estimates of growth curve based on parameters from the Logistic model indicated that the genetic group Dorper x Santa Inês presented a faster growth rate, as estimated by weight at maturity and maturity rate, followed by the genetic groups Dorper x Morada Nova and Dorper x Rabo Largo. Clustering analysis reinforced the differences among genetic groups, placing the three crosses in two groups, one comprising Dorper x Morada Nova and Dorper x Rabo Largo, and another including the cross Dorper x Santa Inês

Mudanças corporativas e tecnológicas da medicina paulista em 1930 Corporate and technological changes in São Paulo medicine in 1930

Com o estudo histórico das mudanças corporativas e tecnológicas vividas pelos médicos paulistas na década de 1930 pretende-se identificar como se deram as alterações no campo dos equipamentos e saberes com o surgimento das especialidades, que levou a mudanças e a rearranjos corporativos diante dos dilemas trazidos pelo governo de Getúlio Vargas e sua política centralizadora de poder. Apontam-se lastros, de ordem simbólica e representativa, alçados por médicos considerados 'antigos' e aqueles que representavam os 'novos' tempos da medicina, evidenciando-se os embates entre essas correntes com relação ao movimento de especialização e aos marcos particulares da história de São Paulo.<br>Through the historical study of the corporate and technological changes experienced by doctors in São Paulo in the 1930s, we intend to identify how changes in the fields of equipment and knowledge came from the emergence of specialties, which led to corporate changes and rearrangements in the face of the dilemmas introduced by the Getúlio Vargas government and its policy of centralizing power. Connections are pointed out of a symbolic and representative order, backed by doctors considered 'old-school' and those that represented the 'new' times in medicine, evidencing the clashes between these currents vis-à-vis the specialization movement and particular landmarks in the history of São Paulo

Measurements of neutron cross sections for advanced nuclear energy systems at n_TOF (CERN)

The n_TOF facility operates at CERN with the aim of addressing the request of high accuracy nuclear data for advanced nuclear energy systems as well as for nuclear astrophysics. Thanks to the features of the neutron beam, important results have been obtained on neutron induced fission and capture cross sections of U, Pu and minor actinides. Recently the construction of another beam line has started; the new line will be complementary to the first one, allowing to further extend the experimental program foreseen for next measurement campaigns

Neutron cross-sections for advanced nuclear systems: the n_TOF project at CERN

The study of neutron-induced reactions is of high relevance in a wide variety of fields, ranging from stellar nucleosynthesis and fundamental nuclear physics to applications of nuclear technology. In nuclear energy, high accuracy neutron data are needed for the development of Generation IV fast reactors and accelerator driven systems, these last aimed specifically at nuclear waste incineration, as well as for research on innovative fuel cycles. In this context, a high luminosity Neutron Time Of Flight facility, n_TOF, is operating at CERN since more than a decade, with the aim of providing new, high accuracy and high resolution neutron cross-sections. Thanks to the features of the neutron beam, a rich experimental program relevant to nuclear technology has been carried out so far. The program will be further expanded in the near future, thanks in particular to a new high-flux experimental area, now under construction

Neutron capture cross section measurement of 238U at the CERN n_TOF facility in the energy region from 1 eV to 700 keV

The aim of this work is to provide a precise and accurate measurement of the 238U(n,γ) reaction cross section in the energy region from 1 eV to 700 keV. This reaction is of fundamental importance for the design calculations of nuclear reactors, governing the behavior of the reactor core. In particular, fast reactors, which are experiencing a growing interest for their ability to burn radioactive waste, operate in the high energy region of the neutron spectrum. In this energy region most recent evaluations disagree due to inconsistencies in the existing measurements of up to 15%. In addition, the assessment of nuclear data uncertainty performed for innovative reactor systems shows that the uncertainty in the radiative capture cross section of 238U should be further reduced to 1–3% in the energy region from 20 eV to 25 keV. To this purpose, addressed by the Nuclear Energy Agency as a priority nuclear data need, complementary experiments, one at the GELINA and two at the n_TOF facility, were proposed and carried out within the 7th Framework Project ANDES of the European Commission. The results of one of these 238U(n,γ) measurements performed at the n_TOF CERN facility are presented in this work. The γ-ray cascade following the radiative neutron capture has been detected exploiting a setup of two C6D6 liquid scintillators. Resonance parameters obtained from this work are on average in excellent agreement with the ones reported in evaluated libraries. In the unresolved resonance region, this work yields a cross section in agreement with evaluated libraries up to 80 keV, while for higher energies our results are significantly higher

GEANT4 simulation of the neutron background of the C6D6 set-up for capture studies at n_TOF

The neutron sensitivity of the C6D6 detector setup used at n_TOF facility for capture measurements has been studied by means of detailed GEANT4 simulations. A realistic software replica of the entire n_TOF experimental hall, including the neutron beam line, sample, detector supports and the walls of the experimental area has been implemented in the simulations. The simulations have been analyzed in the same manner as experimental data, in particular by applying the Pulse Height Weighting Technique. The simulations have been validated against a measurement of the neutron background performed with a natC sample, showing an excellent agreement above 1 keV. At lower energies, an additional component in the measured natC yield has been discovered, which prevents the use of natC data for neutron background estimates at neutron energies below a few hundred eV. The origin and time structure of the neutron background have been derived from the simulations. Examples of the neutron background for two different samples are demonstrating the important role of accurate simulations of the neutron background in capture cross-section measurements

Experimental neutron capture data of 58Ni from the CERN n_TOF facility

The neutron capture cross section of 58Ni was measured at the neutron time of flight facility n_TOF at CERN, from 27 meV to 400 keV neutron energy. Special care has been taken to identify all the possible sources of background, with the so-called neutron background obtained for the first time using high-precision GEANT4 simulations. The energy range up to 122 keV was treated as the resolved resonance region, where 51 resonances were identified and analyzed by a multilevel R-matrix code SAMMY. Above 122 keV the code SESH was used in analyzing the unresolved resonance region of the capture yield. Maxwellian averaged cross sections were calculated in the temperature range of kT = 5 – 100 keV, and their astrophysical implications were investigated