Electromagnetic signals are produced by aqueous nanostructures derived from bacterial DNA sequences.

Abstract: A novel property of DNA is described: the capacity of some bacterial DNA sequences to induce electromagnetic waves at high aqueous dilutions. It appears to be a resonance phenomenon triggered by the ambient electromagnetic background of very low frequency waves. The genomic DNA of most pathogenic bacteria contains sequences which are able to generate such signals. This opens the way to the development of highly sensitive detection system for chronic bacterial infections in human and animal diseases

Electromagnetic signals are produced by aqueous nanostructures derived from bacterial DNA sequences.

Abstract: A novel property of DNA is described: the capacity of some bacterial DNA sequences to induce electromagnetic waves at high aqueous dilutions. It appears to be a resonance phenomenon triggered by the ambient electromagnetic background of very low frequency waves. The genomic DNA of most pathogenic bacteria contains sequences which are able to generate such signals. This opens the way to the development of highly sensitive detection system for chronic bacterial infections in human and animal diseases

The \u3cem\u3eChlamydomonas\u3c/em\u3e Genome Reveals the Evolution of Key Animal and Plant Functions

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the ∼120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella

Efficient gene targeting mediated by a lentiviral vector-associated meganuclease

Gene targeting can be achieved with lentiviral vectors delivering donor sequences along with a nuclease that creates a locus-specific double-strand break (DSB). Therapeutic applications of this system would require an appropriate control of the amount of endonuclease delivered to the target cells, and potentially toxic sustained expression must be avoided. Here, we show that the nuclease can be transferred into cells as a protein associated with a lentiviral vector particle. I-SceI, a prototypic meganuclease from yeast, was incorporated into the virions as a fusion with Vpr, an HIV accessory protein. Integration-deficient lentiviral vectors containing the donor sequences and the I-SceI fusion protein were tested in reporter cells in which targeting events were scored by the repair of a puromycin resistance gene. Molecular analysis of the targeted locus indicated a 2-fold higher frequency of the expected recombination event when the nuclease was delivered as a protein rather than encoded by a separate vector. In both systems, a proportion of clones displayed multiple integrated copies of the donor sequences, either as tandems at the targeted locus or at unrelated loci. These integration patterns were dependent upon the mode of meganuclease delivery, suggesting distinct recombination processes

Loss of Albino3 Leads to the Specific Depletion of the Light-Harvesting System

The chloroplast Albino3 (Alb3) protein is a chloroplast homolog of the mitochondrial Oxa1p and YidC proteins of Escherichia coli, which are essential components for integrating membrane proteins. In vitro studies in vascular plants have revealed that Alb3 is required for the integration of the light-harvesting complex protein into the thylakoid membrane. Here, we show that the gene affected in the ac29 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is Alb3.1. The availability of the ac29 mutant has allowed us to examine the function of Alb3.1 in vivo. The loss of Alb3.1 has two major effects. First, the amount of light-harvesting complex from photosystem II (LHCII) and photosystem I (LHCI) is reduced >10-fold, and total chlorophyll represents only 30% of wild-type levels. Second, the amount of photosystem II is diminished 2-fold in light-grown cells and nearly 10-fold in dark-grown cells. The accumulation of photosystem I, the cytochrome b(6)f complex, and ATP synthase is not affected in the ac29 mutant. Mild solubilization of thylakoid membranes reveals that Alb3 forms two distinct complexes, a lower molecular mass complex of a size similar to LHC and a high molecular mass complex. A homolog of Alb3.1, Alb3.2, is present in Chlamydomonas, with 37% sequence identity and 57% sequence similarity. Based on the phenotype of ac29, these two genes appear to have mostly nonredundant functions

A population of thermostable reverse transcriptases evolved from Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase I by phage display.

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The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the pathogenic yeast Candida ( Torulopsis ) glabrata

International audienceWe report here the complete sequence of the mitochondrial (mt) genome of the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata . This 20 kb mt genome is the smallest among sequenced hemiascomycetous yeasts. Despite its compaction, the mt genome contains the genes encoding the apocytochrome b (COB ), three subunits of ATP synthetase (ATP6 , 8 and 9 ), three subunits of cytochrome oxidase (COX1 , 2 and 3 ), the ribosomal protein VAR1 , 23 tRNAs, small and large ribosomal RNAs and the RNA subunit of RNase P. Three group I introns each with an intronic open reading frame are present in the COX1 gene. This sequence is available under accession number AJ511533

APOBEC3G is a single-stranded DNA cytidine deaminase and functions independently of HIV reverse transcriptase

In the absence of the viral vif gene, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be restricted by the APOBEC3G gene on chromosome 22. The role of the HIV Vif protein is to exclude host cell APOBEC3G from the budding virion. As APOBEC3G shows sequence homology to cytidine deaminases, it is presumed that in the absence of Vif, cytidine residues in the cDNA are deaminated yielding uracil. It is not known if additional proteins mediate APOBEC3G function or if deamination occurs in concert with reverse transcription. This report describes an in vitro assay showing that Baculovirus derived APOBEC3G alone extensively deaminates cDNA independently of reverse transcriptase. It reproduces the dinucleotide context typical of G → A hypermutants derived from a Δvif virus. By using an RNaseH(–) form of reverse transcriptase, it was shown that the cDNA has to be free of its RNA template to allow deamination. APOBEC3G deamination of dC or dCTP was not detected. In short, APOBEC3G is a single-stranded DNA cytidine deaminase capable of restricting retroviral replication