30,427 research outputs found
First- and second-order phase transitions in Ising models on small world networks, simulations and comparison with an effective field theory
We perform simulations of random Ising models defined over small-world
networks and we check the validity and the level of approximation of a recently
proposed effective field theory. Simulations confirm a rich scenario with the
presence of multicritical points with first- or second-order phase transitions.
In particular, for second-order phase transitions, independent of the dimension
d_0 of the underlying lattice, the exact predictions of the theory in the
paramagnetic regions, such as the location of critical surfaces and correlation
functions, are verified. Quite interestingly, we verify that the
Edwards-Anderson model with d_0=2 is not thermodynamically stable under graph
noise.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures, 1 tabl
Trypanosomatids are common and diverse parasites of Drosophila
SUMMARYDrosophila melanogasteris an important model system of immunity and parasite resistance, yet most studies use parasites that do not naturally infect this organism. We have studied trypanosomatids in natural populations to assess the prevalence and diversity of these gut parasites. We collected several species ofDrosophilafrom Europe and surveyed them for trypanosomatids using conserved primers for two genes. We have used the conserved GAPDH sequence to construct a phylogenetic tree and the highly variable spliced leader RNA to assay genetic diversity. All 5 of the species that we examined were infected, and the average prevalence ranged from 1 to 6%. There are several different groups of trypanosomatids, related to other monoxenous Trypanosomatidae. These may represent new trypanosomatid species and were found in different species of EuropeanDrosophilafrom different geographical locations. The detection of a little studied natural pathogen inD. melanogasterand related species provides new opportunities for research into both theDrosophilaimmune response and the evolution of hosts and parasites.</jats:p
Mean-field analysis of the majority-vote model broken-ergodicity steady state
We study analytically a variant of the one-dimensional majority-vote model in
which the individual retains its opinion in case there is a tie among the
neighbors' opinions. The individuals are fixed in the sites of a ring of size
and can interact with their nearest neighbors only. The interesting feature
of this model is that it exhibits an infinity of spatially heterogeneous
absorbing configurations for whose statistical properties we
probe analytically using a mean-field framework based on the decomposition of
the -site joint probability distribution into the -contiguous-site joint
distributions, the so-called -site approximation. To describe the
broken-ergodicity steady state of the model we solve analytically the
mean-field dynamic equations for arbitrary time in the cases n=3 and 4. The
asymptotic limit reveals the mapping between the statistical
properties of the random initial configurations and those of the final
absorbing configurations. For the pair approximation () we derive that
mapping using a trick that avoids solving the full dynamics. Most remarkably,
we find that the predictions of the 4-site approximation reduce to those of the
3-site in the case of expectations involving three contiguous sites. In
addition, those expectations fit the Monte Carlo data perfectly and so we
conjecture that they are in fact the exact expectations for the one-dimensional
majority-vote model
Supersymmetric Construction of W-Algebras from Super Toda and Wznw Theories
A systematic construction of super W-algebras in terms of the WZNW model
based on a super Lie algebra is presented. These are shown to be the symmetry
structure of the super Toda models, which can be obtained from the WZNW theory
by Hamiltonian reduction. A classification, according to the conformal spin
defined by an improved energy-momentum tensor, is dicussed in general terms for
all super Lie algebras whose simple roots are fermionic . A detailed discussion
employing the Dirac bracket structure and an explicit construction of
W-algebras for the cases of , , and are given. The and super conformal algebras are discussed
in the pertinent cases.Comment: 24 page
Carbon nanotube: a low-loss spin-current waveguide
We demonstrate with a quantum-mechanical approach that carbon nanotubes are
excellent spin-current waveguides and are able to carry information stored in a
precessing magnetic moment for long distances with very little dispersion and
with tunable degrees of attenuation. Pulsed magnetic excitations are predicted
to travel with the nanotube Fermi velocity and are able to induce similar
excitations in remote locations. Such an efficient way of transporting magnetic
information suggests that nanotubes are promising candidates for memory devices
with fast magnetization switchings
Riccati-type equations, generalised WZNW equations, and multidimensional Toda systems
We associate to an arbitrary -gradation of the Lie algebra of a
Lie group a system of Riccati-type first order differential equations. The
particular cases under consideration are the ordinary Riccati and the matrix
Riccati equations. The multidimensional extension of these equations is given.
The generalisation of the associated Redheffer--Reid differential systems
appears in a natural way. The connection between the Toda systems and the
Riccati-type equations in lower and higher dimensions is established. Within
this context the integrability problem for those equations is studied. As an
illustration, some examples of the integrable multidimensional Riccati-type
equations related to the maximally nonabelian Toda systems are given.Comment: LaTeX2e, 18 page
Critical behavior and correlations on scale-free small-world networks: Application to network design
We analyze critical phenomena on networks generated as the union of hidden variable models (networks with any desired degree sequence) with arbitrary graphs. The resulting networks are general small worlds similar to those a la Watts and Strogatz, but with a heterogeneous degree distribution. We prove that the critical behavior (thermal or percolative) remains completely unchanged by the presence of finite loops (or finite clustering). Then, we show that, in large but finite networks, correlations of two given spins may be strong, i.e., approximately power-law-like, at any temperature. Quite interestingly, if gamma is the exponent for the power-law distribution of the vertex degree, for gamma <= 3 and with or without short-range couplings, such strong correlations persist even in the thermodynamic limit, contradicting the common opinion that, in mean-field models, correlations always disappear in this limit. Finally, we provide the optimal choice of rewiring under which percolation phenomena in the rewired network are best performed, a natural criterion to reach best communication features, at least in noncongested regimes.PTDC/FIS/108476/2008,PTDC/MAT/114515/2009SOCIALNET
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