What determines banks’ customer choice? Evidence from transition countries

This paper explores how bank characteristics and the institutional environment influence the composition of banks’ loan portfolios. Using a new data set based on the recent EBRD Banking Environment and Performance Survey (BEPS), which was conducted in 2005 for 220 banks in 20 transition countries, we show that bank characteristics such as ownership and size are important determinants of bank customer focus. In particular, we find that foreign banks are relatively strongly involved in mortgage lending and lending to subsidiaries of foreign companies, while lending relatively less to large domestic firms. We also find that small banks lend relatively more to SMEs than large banks do, while large banks appear to have a comparative advantage in lending to large customers. We do not find much evidence for the hypothesis that better legal credit protection changes bank portfolio composition. An exception is that banks that perceive pledge and mortgage laws to be of high quality focus more on mortgage lending.banking, portfolio composition

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La precisión gramatical en un corpus de escritura académica de aprendientes africanos de ELE

Accuracy in writing is vitally important in academic and professional audiences, where mistakes can stigmatize writers. Written Corrective Feedback (FCE) is a crucial topic in the field of Second Language Acquisition (ASL) since it favors learning and cognitively contributes to the improvement of accuracy levels in a second language. The objective of this article is to provide empirical evidence in ​​ELE for academic purposes. To do this, a corpus of academic texts from African A2 level learners, whose L1 are Portuguese and English, is analyzed to determine the most frequent errors. The results show that these correspond to prepositions and articles. The determination of these errors allows the treatment of them through direct metalinguistic written corrective feedback strategies to improve the precision of this type of words in academic writings.La precisión en la escritura es de vital importancia en las audiencias académicas y profesionales, en las cuales los errores pueden estigmatizar a quienes escriben. El Feedback Correctivo Escrito (FCE) es un tema crucial en el ámbito de la Adquisición de una Segunda Lengua (ASL) dado que favorece el aprendizaje y contribuye cognitivamente al mejoramiento de los niveles de precisión en una segunda lengua. El objetivo de este artículo es aportar evidencia empírica en el área del  ELE para fines académicos. Para ello, se analiza un corpus de textos académicos de aprendientes africanos de nivel A2, cuyas L1 son portugués e inglés, con el objeto de determinar los errores más frecuentes. Los resultados arrojan que estos corresponden a las preposiciones y artículos. La determinación de dichos errores permite el tratamiento de ellos a través de estrategias de feedback correctivo escrito metalingüístico directo para mejorar la precisión de este tipo de palabras en los escritos académicos

Analyzing the Availability of Lexicon in Mathematics Education Using no Traditional Technological Resources

To learn mathematics is somehow difficult to most students in different educational levels. There exists a cultural presumption that it happens and therefore the motivation to learn mathematics is low. In national and international tests Chile performs poorly. Researchers suggest different variables to explain this situation. Additionally, there exist work propositions in development. One of these is to use technological support to improve the students' results regarding mathematics especially in the school system. This paper describes a research from 2012 until today focused in the available lexicon of mathematics on secondary school and university students in the 8 Region of the country as an important variable that affects significantly mathematics learning. Data about the available lexicon was obtained after the application of the Test of Lexical Availability. Furthermore, to analyze the obtained data, Lexmath is created. Lexmath is an adaptive hypermedia that employs Excel, graphs theory and Gephi software to establish the available lexicon in which mathematics learning is developed and the need to improve it using this software

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El volumen 57 (2) - 2019 de la Revista de Lingüística Teórica y Aplicada (RLA) lo integran siete artículos, provenientes de autores extranjeros y nacionales. El espectro de los trabajos, como es el sello de RLA, abarca diversas líneas de estudio, entre las cuales se destaca en este volumen la lingüística de corpus, el estudio de fenómenos durante la adquisición de segundas lenguas, la planificación lingüística de lenguas vernáculas y la lingüística aplicada a la traducción e interpretación de lenguas

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El volumen 58 (2) - 2020 de la Revista de Lingüística Teórica y Aplicada (RLA) lo integran siete artículos, provenientes de autores extranjeros y nacionales. El espectro de los trabajos, como es el sello de RLA, abarca diversas líneas de estudio e investigación de la lingüística teórica y aplicada

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Siete artículos componen el volumen 55 (1) - 2017 de la Revista de Lingüística Teórica y Aplicada (RLA). Como es tradicional, los artículos provienen de autores extranjeros y nacionales, y se circunscriben en las distintas áreas multidisciplinares de la lingüística teórica y aplicada