Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3-PUFA-Rich Fish Oil Reduces Signs of Food Allergy in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Mice

We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA (fish oil source) in an experimental model of food allergy. Mice were sensitized (allergic group) or not (nonallergic group) with OVA and were fed with OVA diet to induce allergy signals. Mice were fed with regular diet in which 7% of lipid content was provided by soybean (5% of n-3 PUFA) or fish (25% of n-3 PUFA) oil. Allergic group mice had increased serum levels of antiovalbumin IgE and IgG1 and changes in small intestine, characterized by an increased edema, number of rolling leukocytes in microcirculation, eosinophil infiltration, mucus production, and Paneth cell degranulation, in comparison to non-allergic group. All these inflammatory parameters were reduced in mice fed high-n-3-PUFA diet. Our data together suggest that diet supplementation with n-3 PUFA from fish oil may consist of a valid adjuvant in food allergy treatment

VALIDAÇÃO DA SÍNDROME METABÓLICA E DE SEUS COMPONENTES AUTODECLARADOS NO ESTUDO CUME

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a validade dos diagnósticos autodeclarados de síndrome metabólica (SM) e de seus componentes pelos participantes da Coorte de Universidades Mineiras (CUME). Uma subamostra de 172 participantes da coorte (33 homens e 139 mulheres, idade 38 ± 11 anos) foi aleatoriamente selecionada para este estudo. A presença de SM foi definida segundo os critérios da International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Dados de peso, altura, pressão arterial, concentração sérica de glicose, triglicerídeos e HDL-c foram autodeclarados em questionário online da coorte e as mesmas variáveis foram aferidas presencialmente mediante protocolo padronizado em laboratórios das instituições de ensino superior envolvidas no projeto. Os dados autodeclarados e aferidos foram comparados por meio de coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), coeficiente Kappa (k) e diferenças entre medidas autodeclaradas e aferidas segundo a metodologia de Bland e Altman. As prevalências da SM foram de 4,7%e 5,2%, de acordo com os dados autodeclarados e aferidos, respectivamente. O coeficiente Kappa entre diagnósticos de SM autodeclarado e aferido foi 0,814, indicando concordância quase perfeita, situação similar à observada para a obesidade (k=0,882). Os demais componentes da SM apresentaram concordâncias moderadas (k=0,41 a 0,60). Os CCIs também indicaram excelente concordância para peso, estatura, IMC e HDL-c, respectivamente, 0,989, 0,995, 0,983 e 0,761. A glicose apresentou baixa concordância (CCI: 0,336). Concluiu-se que participantes do projeto CUME forneceram informações válidas para os diagnósticos autodeclarados de SM e de seus componentes

Dysbiotic oral microbiota contributes to alveolar bone loss associated with obesity in mice

Periodontal diseases (PD) are inflammatory conditions that affect the teeth supporting tissues. Increased body fat tissues may contribute to activation of the systemic inflammatory response, leading to comorbidities. Some studies have shown that individuals with obesity present higher incidence of PD than eutrophics. Objective: To investigate the impact of obesity on periodontal tissues and oral microbiota in mice. Methodology: Two obesity mice models were performed, one using 12 weeks of the dietary protocol with a high-fat (HF) diet in C57BL/6 mice and the other using leptin receptor-deficient mice (db/db-/-), which became spontaneously obese. After euthanasia, a DNA-DNA hybridization technique was employed to evaluate the microbiota composition and topical application of chlorhexidine (CHX), an antiseptic, was used to investigate the impact of the oral microbiota on the alveolar bone regarding obesity. Results: Increased adipose tissue may induce alveolar bone loss, neutrophil recruitment, and changes in the oral biofilm, similar to that observed in an experimental model of PD. Topical application of CHX impaired bone changes. Conclusion: Obesity may induce changes in the oral microbiota and neutrophil recruitment, which are associated with alveolar bone loss

Impact of a physical activity program on plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin in overweight and obese schoolchildren: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction: Child obesity has important consequences on the child’s health and is related to the risk of developing chronic diseases. That brings up the need for research assessing the impact of obesity - and overweight - reduction programs with close attention to methodology aspects and precise indicators of the impact of such programs. Goal: Assessing the impact of a physical activity program on the plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin in overweight and obese schoolchildren. Methods: Randomized controlled trial, double-blind, with 6- to 9-year-old overweight and obese school- children. A sample of 79 schoolchildren ran- domly distributed into control and intervention groups was subjected to a physical activity program. The levels of adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, body mass index, body fat percentage, an- thropometry, lipid profile and glycemia were evaluated. The program’s impact was assessed through multivariate linear regression models. Result: When comparing the groups, a significant difference was found for adiponectin, which shows an increase in the proportion of subjects with higher adiponectin concentrations for the intervention group and a reduction in body mass index and body fat percentage. Conclusion: The impact of the intervention program was positive in increasing adiponectin levels associated with a reduction in body mass index and body fat percentage