Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3-PUFA-Rich Fish Oil Reduces Signs of Food Allergy in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Mice

We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA (fish oil source) in an experimental model of food allergy. Mice were sensitized (allergic group) or not (nonallergic group) with OVA and were fed with OVA diet to induce allergy signals. Mice were fed with regular diet in which 7% of lipid content was provided by soybean (5% of n-3 PUFA) or fish (25% of n-3 PUFA) oil. Allergic group mice had increased serum levels of antiovalbumin IgE and IgG1 and changes in small intestine, characterized by an increased edema, number of rolling leukocytes in microcirculation, eosinophil infiltration, mucus production, and Paneth cell degranulation, in comparison to non-allergic group. All these inflammatory parameters were reduced in mice fed high-n-3-PUFA diet. Our data together suggest that diet supplementation with n-3 PUFA from fish oil may consist of a valid adjuvant in food allergy treatment

VALIDAÇÃO DA SÍNDROME METABÓLICA E DE SEUS COMPONENTES AUTODECLARADOS NO ESTUDO CUME

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a validade dos diagnósticos autodeclarados de síndrome metabólica (SM) e de seus componentes pelos participantes da Coorte de Universidades Mineiras (CUME). Uma subamostra de 172 participantes da coorte (33 homens e 139 mulheres, idade 38 ± 11 anos) foi aleatoriamente selecionada para este estudo. A presença de SM foi definida segundo os critérios da International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Dados de peso, altura, pressão arterial, concentração sérica de glicose, triglicerídeos e HDL-c foram autodeclarados em questionário online da coorte e as mesmas variáveis foram aferidas presencialmente mediante protocolo padronizado em laboratórios das instituições de ensino superior envolvidas no projeto. Os dados autodeclarados e aferidos foram comparados por meio de coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI), coeficiente Kappa (k) e diferenças entre medidas autodeclaradas e aferidas segundo a metodologia de Bland e Altman. As prevalências da SM foram de 4,7%e 5,2%, de acordo com os dados autodeclarados e aferidos, respectivamente. O coeficiente Kappa entre diagnósticos de SM autodeclarado e aferido foi 0,814, indicando concordância quase perfeita, situação similar à observada para a obesidade (k=0,882). Os demais componentes da SM apresentaram concordâncias moderadas (k=0,41 a 0,60). Os CCIs também indicaram excelente concordância para peso, estatura, IMC e HDL-c, respectivamente, 0,989, 0,995, 0,983 e 0,761. A glicose apresentou baixa concordância (CCI: 0,336). Concluiu-se que participantes do projeto CUME forneceram informações válidas para os diagnósticos autodeclarados de SM e de seus componentes

Dysbiotic oral microbiota contributes to alveolar bone loss associated with obesity in mice

Periodontal diseases (PD) are inflammatory conditions that affect the teeth supporting tissues. Increased body fat tissues may contribute to activation of the systemic inflammatory response, leading to comorbidities. Some studies have shown that individuals with obesity present higher incidence of PD than eutrophics. Objective: To investigate the impact of obesity on periodontal tissues and oral microbiota in mice. Methodology: Two obesity mice models were performed, one using 12 weeks of the dietary protocol with a high-fat (HF) diet in C57BL/6 mice and the other using leptin receptor-deficient mice (db/db-/-), which became spontaneously obese. After euthanasia, a DNA-DNA hybridization technique was employed to evaluate the microbiota composition and topical application of chlorhexidine (CHX), an antiseptic, was used to investigate the impact of the oral microbiota on the alveolar bone regarding obesity. Results: Increased adipose tissue may induce alveolar bone loss, neutrophil recruitment, and changes in the oral biofilm, similar to that observed in an experimental model of PD. Topical application of CHX impaired bone changes. Conclusion: Obesity may induce changes in the oral microbiota and neutrophil recruitment, which are associated with alveolar bone loss

Consumption of baru nuts (Dipteryx alata) in the treatment of obese mice

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the effects of baru nut consumption on body weight, percent adiposity, amount of adipose tissue and blood levels in obese male Swiss mice. After inducing obesity by providing high-glucose diet (60 days), the mice were divided into 4 groups (7 animals per group) and were fed on a control diet (C), high-glucose diet (HG) or high-glucose diet added with baru (HGBA) or soybean oil (HGSO). Groups fed with diet HGBA had a decrease in the weight gain and glucose and triglyceride levels when compared to diet HG. Aimals fed with HG exhibited a higher proportion of epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. The inclusion of baru nut in the diet improved the control of weight gain and glucose and triglyceride levels in obese mice

Valida??o da s?ndrome metab?lica e de seus componentes autodeclarados no estudo CUME.

The aim of this study was to analyze the validity of self-reported diagnoses of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components through participants of the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME). A subsample of 172 cohort participants (33 males and 139 females, age 38 ? 11 years) was randomly selected for this study. The presence of MetS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Data on weight, height, blood pressure, and serum concentration of glucose, triglycerides and HDL-c were self reported in an online cohort questionnaire, and the same variables were measured using a standardized protocol in laboratories of higher education institutions involved in the project. Self-reported and measured data were compared by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Kappa coefficient (k) and differences between self-reported and measured data, according to the Bland and Altman method. The prevalence of MetS was 4.7% and 5.2% according to self-reported and measured data, respectively. The Kappa coefficient between diagnoses of self-reported and measured MetS was 0.814, indicating almost perfect agreement, a situation similar to that observed for obesity (k = 0.882). The other components of MetS had moderate agreement (k = 0.41 to 0.60). The ICC also indicated excellent agreement for weight, height, BMI and HDL-c, respectively, 0.989, 0.995, 0.983 and 0.761. Glucose presented low agreement (ICC: 0.366). The study concludes that the CUME project participants provided valid information for the self-reported diagnoses of MetS and its components.O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a validade dos diagn?sticos autodeclarados de s?ndrome metab?lica (SM) e de seus componentes pelos participantes da Coorte de Universidades Mineiras (CUME). Uma subamostra de 172 participantes da coorte (33 homens e 139 mulheres, idade 38 ? 11 anos) foi aleatoriamente selecionada para este estudo. A presen?a de SM foi definida segundo os crit?rios da International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Dados de peso, altura, press?o arterial, concentra??o s?rica de glicose, triglicer?deos e HDL-c foram autodeclarados em question?rio online da coorte e as mesmas vari?veis foram aferidas presencialmente mediante protocolo padronizado em laborat?rios das institui??es de ensino superior envolvidas no projeto. Os dados autodeclarados e aferidos foram comparados por meio de coeficiente de correla??o intraclasse (CCI), coeficiente Kappa (k) e diferen?as entre medidas autodeclaradas e aferidas segundo a metodologia de Bland e Altman. As preval?ncias da SM foram de 4,7%e 5,2%, de acordo com os dados autodeclarados e aferidos, respectivamente. O coeficiente Kappa entre diagn?sticos de SM autodeclarado e aferido foi 0,814, indicando concord?ncia quase perfeita, situa??o similar ? observada para a obesidade (k=0,882). Os demais componentes da SM apresentaram concord?ncias moderadas (k=0,41 a 0,60). Os CCIs tamb?m indicaram excelente concord?ncia para peso, estatura, IMC e HDL-c, respectivamente, 0,989, 0,995, 0,983 e 0,761. A glicose apresentou baixa concord?ncia (CCI: 0,336). Concluiu-se que participantes do projeto CUME forneceram informa??es v?lidas para os diagn?sticos autodeclarados de SM e de seus componentes

Impact of a physical activity program on plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin in overweight and obese schoolchildren: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction: Child obesity has important consequences on the child’s health and is related to the risk of developing chronic diseases. That brings up the need for research assessing the impact of obesity - and overweight - reduction programs with close attention to methodology aspects and precise indicators of the impact of such programs. Goal: Assessing the impact of a physical activity program on the plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin in overweight and obese schoolchildren. Methods: Randomized controlled trial, double-blind, with 6- to 9-year-old overweight and obese school- children. A sample of 79 schoolchildren ran- domly distributed into control and intervention groups was subjected to a physical activity program. The levels of adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, body mass index, body fat percentage, an- thropometry, lipid profile and glycemia were evaluated. The program’s impact was assessed through multivariate linear regression models. Result: When comparing the groups, a significant difference was found for adiponectin, which shows an increase in the proportion of subjects with higher adiponectin concentrations for the intervention group and a reduction in body mass index and body fat percentage. Conclusion: The impact of the intervention program was positive in increasing adiponectin levels associated with a reduction in body mass index and body fat percentage

Aerobic training reduces immune cell recruitment and cytokine levels in adipose tissue in obese mice

Obesity is associated with an energy imbalance that results from excessive energy intake, low diet quality and a sedentary lifestyle. In this regard, the increased consumption of a high-refined carbohydrate diet (HC) is strongly related to higher adiposity and low-grade inflammation. Aerobic training is a well-known non-pharmacological intervention to treat obesity and metabolic disturbances. However, the mechanisms through which aerobic training ameliorates the low-grade inflammation induced by the HC diet need to be further investigated. Herein, our hypothesis was that aerobic training would decrease the recruitment of leukocytes in the adipose tissue thereby reducing the levels of cytokines and improving metabolism in mice fed the HC diet. Male Balb/c were assigned to the following groups: control non-trained (C-NT), control trained (C-T), HC-NT and HC-T. Mice were submitted to moderate-intensity training sessions that consisted of running 60 min/day for 8 weeks. The intravital microscopy technique was performed in vivo in anesthetized mice to visualize the microvasculature of the adipose tissue. The HC diet induced obesity and increased the influx of immune cells into the adipose tissue. In contrast, HC-T mice presented a lower adiposity and adipocyte area. Furthermore, HC-T mice showed an increased resting energy expenditure, a decreased recruitment of immune cells in the adipose tissue, reduced cytokine levels, and ameliorated hyperglycemia and fatty liver deposition relative to HC-NT mice. Collectively, our data enhance the understanding about the anti-inflammatory effect of aerobic training and shed light on the adipose tissue-mediated mechanisms by which training promotes a healthier metabolic profile.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author