Experimental Observation of Quantum Correlations in Modular Variables

We experimentally detect entanglement in modular position and momentum variables of photon pairs which have passed through $D$-slit apertures. We first employ an entanglement criteria recently proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 106}, 210501 (2011)], using variances of the modular variables. We then propose an entanglement witness for modular variables based on the Shannon entropy, and test it experimentally. Finally, we derive criteria for Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Steering correlations using variances and entropy functions. In both cases, the entropic criteria are more successful at identifying quantum correlations in our data.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, comments welcom

Different seaweeds use for iodine deficiency overcome

Iodine deficiency is one of the three most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide and is a global public health problem that affects particularly the young children, pregnant women and elderly. The consequences of iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) include goiter and cretinism. The traditional consumption of iodine via supplemented salt should be monitored to reduce population sodium intake due to hypertension problems and the uncertain bioavailability of iodine in the supplemented salt. One approach for an effective and cost-efficient iodine supplementation is the use of seaweeds in food intake. Seaweeds, among all foods, are the most famous and reliable source of natural iodine. In this minireview we pretend to explore the different uses of seaweeds to fill the iodine deficiency and improve life quality.This work was supported by the projects Blue Iodine II “Boost Blue economy through market uptake an innovative seaweed bioextract for iodine fortification II” (733552, H2020- SMEInst-2016-2017); DemoBlueAlgae “Desenvolvimento de metodologias e optimização dos processos de cultivo e processamento de macroalgas para a industria e economia azul” PROCiência 2020 (M1420-01-0247-FEDER000002) and Madeira PO 14-20, contract CASBio, refª. M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000011.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fatty acid composition, TLC screening, ATR-FTIR analysis, anti-cholinesterase activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity to A549 tumor cell line of extracts of 3 macroalgae collected in Madeira

Three macroalgae collected at Madeira Island were included in this study to determine their potential for drug, nutraceutical, food, or supplement application. Fatty acid content was higher in Zonaria tournefortii (12.32 mg g−1 dw) with 16.58% of PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5ω3), and arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) having concentrations of 2.59 and 1.17%, respectively. The anti-thrombogenic and anti-atherogenicity potential was higher for Z. tournefortii due to relevant fatty acids in the biochemical composition this macroalgae. Lipid classes were assessed in the lipid extract and neutral lipids (NL) were in higher yield in Asparagopsis taxiformis (51.16%) and lower in Z. tournefortii (26.96%). The glycolipids (GL) were between 36.03 and 16.11% in Z. tournefortii and Ulva lactuca. Phospholipids (PL) fraction varied from 35.91 and 31.60% in A. taxiformis and Z. tournefortii. TLC screening identified that U. lactuca contains phytol and cholesterol in its NL, digalactosyldiacylglycerol in its GL, and cardiolipin and L-α-phosphatidylcholine in its PL. Zonaria tournefortii contains phytol and cholesterol in its NL classes, and the PL classes contain L-α-phosphatidylethanolamine and 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-rac-glycerol. The macroalgae A. taxiformis revealed cholesterol in its NL fraction and the same phospholipids as Z. tournefortii in its PL fraction. ATRFTIR analysis enabled a “fingerprint” spectra and important sulfation absorption bands were identified, revealing the functional polysaccharides within these macroalgae. Anti-cholinesterasic activity was assessed in A. taxiformis, with a low IC50 for AChE (8.92 ± 0.43 μg mL−1 ) and BuChE (13.96 ± 0.32 μg mL−1 ), demonstrating dual inhibitory activity, justifying the interest to identify the active principle which may be the scaffold of a novel drug.This work was financially supported by DemoBlueAlgae “Desenvolvimento de metodologias e optimização dos processos de cultivo e processamento de macroalgas para a indústria e economia azul” PROCiência 2020 (M1420-01-0247-FEDER000002);MACBIOBLUE “Proyecto demostrativo y de transferencia tecnológica para ayudar a las empresas a desarrollar nuevos produtos y procesos en el ambito de la Biotecnología Azul de la Macaronesia” (MAC/1.1b/ 086), program Interreg MAC 2014–2020; ARDITI - Regional Agency for the Development of Research Technology and Innovation (M14-20-09- 5369-FSE-000001-Doctorate in Business; Blue Iodine II “Boost Blue economy through market uptake an innovative seaweed bioextract for iodine fortification II”, grant agreement no. 733552, H2020-SMEInst2016-2017.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

From a heavy metal perspective, is macroalgal biomass from Madeira Archipelago and Gran Canaria Island of eastern Atlantic safe for the development of blue bioeconomy products?

Macroalgae are considered a valuable source of several compounds with nutritional, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and phar maceutical applications. They are also used for crop fertilization and biofortifcation by introducing important minerals into the soil essential for crop productivity. At the same time, however, they are known bio-accumulators of some heavy metals. In this work, we assessed the content of 7 minerals considered as heavy metals in 25 macroalgae samples, comprising 4 greens, 9 reds and 12 browns, from Madeira Archipelago, Portugal, for their potential use as blue bioeconomy products. These heavy metals included zinc (Zn) with concentrations that ranged from 1.95 – 242.65 mg kg−1 dw, nickel (Ni, 0.6 – 34.78 mg kg−1 dw), copper (Cu, 0.42 – 7.98 mg kg−1 dw), chromium (Cr, 0.47 – 45.74 mg kg−1 dw), cadmium (Cd, 0.1 – 2.58 mg kg−1 dw), lead (Pb, 0.05 – 2.79 mg kg−1 dw) and mercury (Hg, 0.03 – 8.49 µg kg−1 dw). We also analysed 22 samples of beach-cast macroalgae from Gran Canaria Island, Spain, collected from November 2016 to November 2019. The same heavy metals were assessed with their concentrations that ranged as follows: Zn (11.41 – 42.20 mg kg−1 dw), Ni (3.17 – 17.78 mg kg−1 dw), Cu (1.85 – 4.20 mg kg−1 dw), Cr (6.08 – 37.98 mg kg−1 dw), Cd (0.02 – 0.11 g kg−1 dw), Pb (0.16 –5.42 mg kg−1 dw) and Hg (3.59 – 31.00 µg kg−1 dw). These concentrations are all within the normal ranges reported in earlier studies in low industrialized areas, except for the brown algae Gongolaria abies-marina and Sargassum vulgare with high mean (±SD) Cd concentration (1.91±0.36 and 1.75±0.07 g kg−1 dw respectively). Our results suggest that most of the biomass prospected in these localities covered in the present study would be a viable source of materials for the development of a blue economy industry with emerging products following the European Union directives.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biochemical study of attached macroalgae from the Madeira Archipelago and beach-cast macroalgae from the Canary Islands: multivariate analysis to determine bioresource potential

Fifteen attached macroalgae from the Madeira Archipelago, comprising three green, three red and nine brown algal species, as well as two beach-cast macroalgal samples, collected along the north shore of Gran Canaria, were assessed for their biochemical properties. The anal ysis included the determination of total minerals, total carbohydrates, protein, lipids, chlorophyll a, total carote noids, total phenolic content, fucoxanthin and phycobilins (allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin). The results showed a high variability of biochemical composi tion, allowing for the targetting of specific bioresources for particular purposes, including functional foods. This work provides the foundation for a biorefinery strategy implementation plan, for which specific macroalgae may be tar geted for valuable and beneficial compoundsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fatty acid composition, TLC screening, ATR-FTIR analysis, anti-cholinesterase activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity to A549 tumor cell line of extracts of 3 macroalgae collected in Madeira

Three macroalgae collected at Madeira Island were included in this study to determine their potential for drug, nutraceutical, food, or supplement application. Fatty acid content was higher in Zonaria tournefortii (12.32 mg g⁻¹ dw) with 16.58% of PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 omega 3), and arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6) having concentrations of 2.59 and 1.17%, respectively. The anti-thrombogenic and anti-atherogenicity potential was higher for Z. tournefortii due to relevant fatty acids in the biochemical composition this macroalgae. Lipid classes were assessed in the lipid extract and neutral lipids (NL) were in higher yield in Asparagopsis taxiformis (51.16%) and lower in Z. tournefortii (26.96%). The glycolipids (GL) were between 36.03 and 16.11% in Z. tournefortii and Ulva lactuca. Phospholipids (PL) fraction varied from 35.91 and 31.60% in A. taxiformis and Z. tournefortii. TLC screening identified that U. lactuca contains phytol and cholesterol in its NL, digalactosyldiacylglycerol in its GL, and cardiolipin and L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine in its PL. Zonaria tournefortii contains phytol and cholesterol in its NL classes, and the PL classes contain L-alpha-phosphatidylethanolamine and 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-rac-glycerol. The macroalgae A. taxiformis revealed cholesterol in its NL fraction and the same phospholipids as Z. tournefortii in its PL fraction. ATR-FTIR analysis enabled a "fingerprint" spectra and important sulfation absorption bands were identified, revealing the functional polysaccharides within these macroalgae. Anti-cholinesterasic activity was assessed in A. taxiformis, with a low IC50 for AChE (8.92 +/- 0.43 mu g mL⁻¹) and BuChE (13.96 +/- 0.32 mu g mL⁻¹), demonstrating dual inhibitory activity, justifying the interest to identify the active principle which may be the scaffold of a novel drug.This work was financially supported by DemoBlueAlgae “Desenvolvimento de metodologias e optimização dos processos de cultivo e processamento de macroalgas para a indústria e economia azul” PROCiência 2020 (M1420-01-0247-FEDER000002); MACBIOBLUE “Proyecto demostrativo y de transferencia tecnológica para ayudar a las empresas a desarrollar nuevos produtos y procesos en el ambito de la Biotecnología Azul de la Macaronesia” (MAC/1.1b/ 086), program Interreg MAC 2014–2020; ARDITI - Regional Agency for the Development of Research Technology and Innovation (M14-20-09-5369-FSE-000001-Doctorate in Business; Blue Iodine II “Boost Blue economy through market uptake an innovative seaweed bioextract for iodine fortification II”, grant agreement no. 733552, H2020-SMEInst-2016-2017.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ecology and diversity of Solanum trisectum Dunal from Madeira Island: implications for Its conservation

Solanum trisectum Dunal is an endemic Solanaceae of Madeira Island (Portugal), considered critically endangered due to its extreme rarity. Since its discovery this species has shown a narrow distributional range mainly on the northern side of the island, with scattered and small populations and large time gaps between sightings. The present work aimed to understand the underlying ecological underpinnings for this species rarity towards an effort to increase the success of conservation actions. Data on historical locations, environmental conditions field surveys, reinforcement in situ and ex situ germination trials were obtained. The species was found to currently occur only in two wild populations and two reinforcement sites, amounting to twenty-four plants in total. Statistical analysis of these data related wild populations and successful reinforcement sites, separating them from other sites where the reinforcement did not succeed. This suggests that the successful reinforcement sites showed conditions more similar to wild population sites compared to non-successful ones. The data obtained supports the hypothesis that S. trisectum distribution and rarity is determined by species specific habitat needs, i.e., abiotic conditions, which have been for the first time assessed during the present work. Further, this study also reinforces the classification of S. trisectum as a top priority species for conservation.Prospecting, Monitoring and Conservation of Normania triphylla in Madeira (Mohamed bin Zayed Species (project number 13255498)) and Madeira PO 14-20, contract CASBIO (ref M1420-01- 0145-FEDER-000011 ).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Associação de polimorfismos no gene da u-calpaína com a maciez da carne em animais da raça Nelore.

Os bovinos de origem Bos indicus são preferidos nos trópicos devido a sua maior resistência as adversidades ambientais. No entanto, estes animais não produzem carne tão macia quanto os taurinos. A seleção assistida por marcadores relacionados à maciez da carne, como é o caso da protease calpaína, pode auxiliar na melhoria da característica. Nesse trabalho, foram utilizados 229 animais da raça Nelore. Após a extração do DNA de amostras de sangue, por desproteinização em presença de NaCl a identificação e determinação dos polimorfismos para três marcadores (CAPN316, CAPN530 e CAPN4751) foi realizada pelo sistema de detecção TaqManTM utilizando-se PCR em Tempo Real. A análise de maciez da carne, aos 7, 14 e 21 dias de maturação, foi realizada com amostras de carne do Longissimus dorsi, retiradas entre a 12a e 13ª costela e cisalhadas utilizando-se um Warner Braztler Shear Force. Os polimorfismos dos marcadores CAPN316 e CAPN530 não apresentaram efeitos significativos (P>0,05) para a maciez da carne aos 7, 14 e 21 dias de maturação. Foram verificados efeitos significativos para os polimorfismos do CAPN4751 em relação à maciez da carne aos 7 (P=0.001), 14 (P=0.005) e 21 (P=0.006) dias de maturação

Fitorremediação de efluentes contaminados por pesticidas

Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a potencialidade das Macrófitas Aquáticas no tratamento de efluentes provindos de processos agrícolas contaminados por pesticidas. Neste sistema conhecido como Fitorremediação, foi projetada uma planta piloto contendo um canteiro, um tanque pulmão e dois reatores do tipo “wetlands” operando em série. Neste canteiro foi plantada mudas de alfaces, onde todos os insumos utilizados (solo, fertilizantes, pulverização de pesticidas, volume de água para irrigação) foram baseados no manejo dos agricultores do Bairro Santa Rita de Cássia, localizado no município de Barra Mansa- RJ. O efluente gerado no canteiro foi drenado até um tanque pulmão para armazenamento e alimentação dos reatores. Durante 45 dias estes reatores contendo Eichhornia crassipes (Aguapé), uma macrófita livremente flutuante, foi alimentado de forma contínua por uma bomba dosadora, onde amostras de afluente e efluente foram coletadas para posteriormente serem enviadas para análises do pesticida Malathion. Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma eficiência de 99,85% na remoção do pesticida, já incluindo a degradação natural do Malathion, o que mostra que estes sistemas podem ser utilizados para recuperação de recursos hídricos contaminados. A eficiência de degradação do Malathion, desconsiderando a atenuação natural do meio foi variou (40% para >99%) em função da redução da concentração do afluente e do tempo do estudo o que mostra uma maior adaptação destes macrófitas ao efluente em questão e/ou indicam que maiores concentrações de pesticida podem inibir o processo enzimático e impedir a remoção do pesticida em questão

Efeito da fertirrigação nitrogenada no rendimento de grãos de genótipos de trigo, no cerrado.

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