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LiDAR mapping of tidal marshes for ecogeomorphological modelling in the TIDE project
The European research project TIDE (Tidal Inlets Dynamics and Environment) is developing and validating coupled models describing the morphological, biological and ecological evolution of tidal environments. The interactions between the physical and biological processes occurring in these regions requires that the system be studied as a whole rather than as separate parts. Extensive use of remote sensing including LiDAR is being made to provide validation data for the modelling.
This paper describes the different uses of LiDAR within the project and their relevance to the TIDE science objectives. LiDAR data have been acquired from three different environments, the Venice Lagoon in Italy, Morecambe Bay in England, and the Eden estuary in Scotland. LiDAR accuracy at each site has been evaluated using ground reference data acquired with differential GPS. A semi-automatic technique has been developed to extract tidal channel networks from LiDAR data either used alone or fused with aerial photography. While the resulting networks may require some correction, the procedure does allow network extraction over large areas using objective criteria and reduces fieldwork requirements. The networks extracted may subsequently be used in geomorphological analyses, for example to describe the drainage patterns induced by networks and to examine the rate of change of networks. Estimation of the heights of the low and sparse vegetation on marshes is being investigated by analysis of the statistical distribution of the measured LiDAR heights. Species having different mean heights may be separated using the first-order moments of the height distribution
Detection methods for non-Gaussian gravitational wave stochastic backgrounds
We address the issue of finding an optimal detection method for a
discontinuous or intermittent gravitational wave stochastic background. Such a
signal might sound something like popcorn popping. We derive an appropriate
version of the maximum likelihood detection statistic, and compare its
performance to that of the standard cross-correlation statistic both
analytically and with Monte Carlo simulations. The maximum likelihood statistic
performs better than the cross-correlation statistic when the background is
sufficiently non-Gaussian. For both ground and space based detectors, this
results in a gain factor, ranging roughly from 1 to 3, in the minimum
gravitational-wave energy density necessary for detection, depending on the
duty cycle of the background. Our analysis is exploratory, as we assume that
the time structure of the events cannot be resolved, and we assume white,
Gaussian noise in two collocated, aligned detectors. Before this detection
method can be used in practice with real detector data, further work is
required to generalize our analysis to accommodate separated, misaligned
detectors with realistic, colored, non-Gaussian noise.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, submitted to physical review D, added revisions
in response to reviewers comment
Black holes from high-energy beam--beam collisions
Using a recent technique, proposed by Eardley and Giddings, we extend their
results to the high-energy collision of two beams of massless particles, i.e.
of two finite-front shock waves. Closed (marginally) trapped surfaces can be
determined analytically in several cases even for collisions at non-vanishing
impact parameter in D\ge 4 space-time dimensions. We are able to confirm and
extend earlier conjectures by Yurtsever, and to deal with arbitrary
axisymmetric profiles, including an amusing case of ``fractal'' beams. We
finally discuss some implications of our results in high-energy experiments and
in cosmology.Comment: 17 pages Revtex, 1 figure, references adde
Single-Cell Analysis of Quiescent HIV Infection Reveals Host Transcriptional Profiles that Regulate Proviral Latency
A detailed understanding of the mechanisms that establish or maintain the latent reservoir of HIV will guide approaches to eliminate persistent infection. We used a cell line and primary cell models of HIV latency to investigate viral RNA (vRNA) expression and the role of the host transcriptome using single-cell approaches. Single-cell vRNA quantitation identified distinct populations of cells expressing various levels of vRNA, including completely silent populations. Strikingly, single-cell RNA-seq of latently infected primary cells demonstrated that HIV downregulation occurred in diverse transcriptomic environments but was significantly associated with expression of a specific set of cellular genes. In particular, latency was more frequent in cells expressing a transcriptional signature that included markers of naive and central memory T cells. These data reveal that expression of HIV proviruses within the latent reservoir are influenced by the host cell transcriptional program. Therapeutic modulation of these programs may reverse or enforce HIV latency. Bradley et al. use single-cell RNA-seq to analyze cellular gene expression in a primary cell model of HIV latency. They identify cellular genes that are differentially expressed in cells in which HIV becomes transcriptionally downregulated. These results suggest a relationship between HIV latency and the transcriptional environment of the host cell
How Black Holes Form in High Energy Collisions
We elucidate how black holes form in trans-Planckian collisions. In the rest
frame of one of the incident particles, the gravitational field of the other,
which is rapidly moving, looks like a gravitational shock wave. The shock wave
focuses the target particle down to a much smaller impact parameter. In turn,
the gravitational field of the target particle captures the projectile when the
resultant impact parameter is smaller than its own Schwarzschild radius,
forming a black hole. One can deduce this by referring to the original argument
of escape velocities exceeding the speed of light, which Michell and Laplace
used to discover the existence of black holes.Comment: 8 pages, 3 .eps figures, essa
Дискурсивно-структурні особливості англомовних текстів описів товарів комерційних інтернет-сайтів
Статтю присвячено визначенню та вивченню дискурсивних та структурних особливостей англомовних текстів описів товарів, розміщених на комерційних сайтах. У дослідженні виділяються основні композиційні елементи та комунікативні блоки структури цього типу текстів, дається характеристика основних паралігвістичних засобів, які у них зустрічаються. Значну увагу також приділено аналізу дейктичних елементів у семантичній структурі електронного тексту.Статья посвящена определению и исследованию дискурсивных и структурных особенностей англоязычных текстов описаний товара, размещенных на коммерческих сайтах. В исследовании выделяются основные композиционные элементы и коммуникативные блоки структуры этого типа текстов, дается характеристика основных паралингвистических средств, встречающихся в них. Значительное внимание также уделено анализу дейктических элементов в семантической структуре электронного текста.The article deals with discursive and structural features of English-language text descriptions of commodity placed on commercial sites. Focus is made on the basic components and communicative blocks of such kinds of texts. The deictic elements in the structure of hypertext are analysed
Interaction between Kondo impurities in a quantum corral
We calculate the spectral densities for two impurities inside an elliptical
quantum corral using exact diagonalization in the relevant Hilbert subspace and
embedding into the rest of the system. For one impurity, the space and energy
dependence of the change in differential conductance observed
in the quantum mirage experiment is reproduced. In presence of another
impurity, is very sensitive to the hybridization between
impurity and bulk. The impurities are correlated ferromagnetically between
them. A hopping eV between impurities destroy the Kondo
resonance.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Restoration of supersymmetric Slavnov-Taylor and Ward identities in presence of soft and spontaneous symmetry breaking
Supersymmetric Slavnov-Taylor and Ward identities are investigated in
presence of soft and spontaneous symmetry breaking. We consider an abelian
model where soft supersymmetry breaking yields a mass splitting between
electron and selectron and triggers spontaneous symmetry breaking, and we
derive corresponding identities that relate the electron and selectron masses
with the Yukawa coupling. We demonstrate that the identities are valid in
dimensional reduction and invalid in dimensional regularization and compute the
necessary symmetry-restoring counterterms.Comment: 35 pages, LaTeX, 9 postscript figure
The arctic curve of the domain-wall six-vertex model
The problem of the form of the `arctic' curve of the six-vertex model with
domain wall boundary conditions in its disordered regime is addressed. It is
well-known that in the scaling limit the model exhibits phase-separation, with
regions of order and disorder sharply separated by a smooth curve, called the
arctic curve. To find this curve, we study a multiple integral representation
for the emptiness formation probability, a correlation function devised to
detect spatial transition from order to disorder. We conjecture that the arctic
curve, for arbitrary choice of the vertex weights, can be characterized by the
condition of condensation of almost all roots of the corresponding saddle-point
equations at the same, known, value. In explicit calculations we restrict to
the disordered regime for which we have been able to compute the scaling limit
of certain generating function entering the saddle-point equations. The arctic
curve is obtained in parametric form and appears to be a non-algebraic curve in
general; it turns into an algebraic one in the so-called root-of-unity cases.
The arctic curve is also discussed in application to the limit shape of
-enumerated (with ) large alternating sign matrices. In
particular, as the limit shape tends to a nontrivial limiting curve,
given by a relatively simple equation.Comment: 39 pages, 2 figures; minor correction
Gravitational-wave Detection With Matter-wave Interferometers Based On Standing Light Waves
We study the possibility of detecting gravitational-waves with matter-wave
interferometers, where atom beams are split, deflected and recombined totally
by standing light waves. Our calculation shows that the phase shift is
dominated by terms proportional to the time derivative of the gravitational
wave amplitude. Taking into account future improvements on current
technologies, it is promising to build a matter-wave interferometer detector
with desired sensitivity.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. To be published in General Relativity and
Gravitatio
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