5,809 research outputs found
Early Enrichment of the Intergalactic Medium and its Feedback on Galaxy Formation
Supernova-driven outflows from early galaxies may have had a large impact on
the kinetic and chemical structure of the intergalactic medium (IGM). We use
three-dimensional Monte Carlo cosmological realizations of a simple linear
peaks model to track the time evolution of such metal-enriched outflows and
their feedback on galaxy formation. We find that at most 30% of the IGM by
volume is enriched to values above 10^-3 solar in models that only include
objects that cool by atomic transitions. The majority of enrichment occurs
relatively early (5 < z < 12) and resulting in a mass-averaged cosmological
metallicity between 10^-3 and 10^-1.5 solar. The inclusion of Population III
objects that cool through H2 line emission has only a minor impact on these
results: increasing the mean metallicity and filling factor by at most a factor
of 1.4, and moving the dawn of the enrichment epoch to a redshift of
approximately 14 at the earliest. Thus enrichment by outflowing galaxies is
likely to have been incomplete and inhomogeneous, biased to the areas near the
starbursting galaxies themselves. Models with a 10% star formation efficiency
can satisfactorily reproduce the nearly constant (2 < z < 5, Z approximately
3.5 x 10^-4 solar) metallicity of the low column density Ly-alpha forest
derived by Songaila (2001), an effect of the decreasing efficiency of metal
loss from larger galaxies. Finally, we show that IGM enrichment is intimately
tied to the ram-pressure stripping of baryons from neighboring perturbations.
This results in the suppression of at least 20% of the dwarf galaxies in the
mass range 10^8.5 to 10^9.5 solar, in all models with filling factors greater
than 2%, and an overall suppression of approximately 50% of dwarf galaxies in
the most observationally-favored model.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted to Ap
Conformal Symmetry of Supergravities in AdS spaces
We show that the background field method applied to supergravity in adS
space-time provides the path integral for the theory in the bulk with conformal
symmetry associated with the isometry of the adS space. This in turn allows to
establish the rigid conformal invariance of the generating functional for the
supergravity correlators on the boundary.Comment: 14 pages, Late
Recent Efforts in the Computation of String Couplings:
We review recent advances towards the computation of string couplings.
Duality symmetry, mirror symmetry, Picard-Fuchs equations, etc. are some of the
tools.Comment: Talk hold at the `International Conference on Modern Problems in
Quantum Field Theorie, Strings and Quantum Gravity', Kiev, June 1992, 18
page
The FGK formalism for black p-branes in d dimensions
We present a generalization to an arbitrary number of spacetime (d) and
worldvolume (p+1) dimensions of the formalism proposed by Ferrara, Gibbons and
Kallosh to study black holes (p=0) in d=4 dimensions. We include the special
cases in which there can be dyonic and self- or anti-self-dual black branes.
Most of the results valid for 4-dimensional black holes (relations between
temperature, entropy and non-extremality parameter, and between entropy and
black-hole potential on the horizon) are straightforwardly generalized.
We apply the formalism to the case of black strings in N=2,d=5 supergravity
coupled to vector multiplets, in which the black-string potential can be
expressed in terms of the dual central charge and work out an explicit example
with one vector multiplet, determining supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric
attractors and constructing the non-extremal black-string solutions that
interpolate between them.Comment: 28 pages no figures; v2: some references adde
Brane-anti-brane Democracy
We suggest a duality invariant formula for the entropy and temperature of
non-extreme black holes in supersymmetric string theory. The entropy is given
in terms of the duality invariant parameter of the deviation from extremality
and 56 SU(8) covariant central charges. It interpolates between the entropies
of Schwarzschild solution and extremal solutions with various amount of
unbroken supersymmetries and therefore serves for classification of black holes
in supersymmetric string theories. We introduce the second auxiliary 56 via
E(7) symmetric constraint. The symmetric and antisymmetric combinations of
these two multiplets are related via moduli to the corresponding two
fundamental representations of E(7): brane and anti-brane "numbers." Using the
CPT as well as C symmetry of the entropy formula and duality one can explain
the mysterious simplicity of the non-extreme black hole area formula in terms
of branes and anti-branes.Comment: LaTeX, 12 pages, no figure
Non-Perturbative Green's Functions in Theories with Extended Superconformal Symmetry
The multiplets that occur in four dimensional rigidly supersymmetric theories
can be described either by chiral superfields in Minkowski superspace or
analytic superfields in harmonic superspace. The superconformal Ward identities
for Green's functions of gauge invariant operators of these types are derived.
It is shown that there are no chiral superconformal invariants. It is further
shown that the Green's functions of analytic operators are severely restricted
by the superconformal Ward when analyticity is taken into account.Comment: 17 pages, plain tex. Some conjectures that were in the original paper
are clarifed in the light of more recent work to which we give references.
See Note added for detail
Conformal Maxwell theory as a singleton field theory on AdS_5, IIB three-branes and duality
We examine the boundary conditions associated with extended supersymmetric
Maxwell theory in 5-dimensional anti-De Sitter space. Excitations on the
boundary are identical to those of ordinary 4-dimensional conformal invariant
super electrodynammics. Extrapolations of these excitations give rise to a
5-dimensional topological gauge theory of the singleton type. The possibility
of a connection of this phenomenon to the world volume theory of 3-branes in
IIB string theory is discussed.Comment: 19 pages, TeX, no figures; v2: misprints corrected, references added,
discussion on Chern-Simons couplings revised. v3: References added, misprints
corrected and a discussion in section 2 revised. v4: Typos corrected and
reference adde
Black Hole Superpartners and Fixed Scalars
Some bosonic solutions of supergravities admit Killing spinors of unbroken
supersymmetry. The anti-Killing spinors of broken supersymmetry can be used to
generate the superpartners of stringy black holes. This has a consequent
feedback on the metric and the graviphoton. We have found however that the
fixed scalars for the black hole superpartners remain the same as for the
original black holes. Possible phenomenological implications of this result are
discussed.Comment: 6 pages, Late
Duality covariant non-BPS first order systems
We study extremal black hole solutions to four dimensional N=2 supergravity
based on a cubic symmetric scalar manifold. Using the coset construction
available for these models, we define the first order flow equations implied by
the corresponding nilpotency conditions on the three-dimensional scalar momenta
for the composite non-BPS class of multi-centre black holes. As an application,
we directly solve these equations for the single-centre subclass, and write the
general solution in a manifestly duality covariant form. This includes all
single-centre under-rotating non-BPS solutions, as well as their
non-interacting multi-centre generalisations.Comment: 31 pages, v2: Discussion of the quadratic constraint clarified,
references added, typos corrected, published versio
- …