Meeting the Challenges Facing Wheat Production The Strategic Research Agenda of the Global Wheat Initiative

Wheat occupies a special role in global food security since, in addition to providing 20% of our carbohydrates and protein, almost 25% of the global production is traded internationally. The importance of wheat for food security was recognised by the Chief Agricultural Scientists of the G20 group of countries when they endorsed the establishment of the Wheat Initiative in 2011. The Wheat Initiative was tasked with supporting the wheat research community by facilitating col-laboration, information and resource sharing and helping to build the capacity to address chal-lenges facing production in an increasingly variable environment. Many countries invest in wheat research. Innovations in wheat breeding and agronomy have delivered enormous gains over the past few decades, with the average global yield increasing from just over 1 tonne per hectare in the early 1960s to around 3.5 tonnes in the past decade. These gains are threatened by climate change, the rapidly rising financial and environmental costs of fertilizer, and pesticides, combined with declines in water availability for irrigation in many regions. The international wheat research community has worked to identify major opportunities to help ensure that global wheat pro-duction can meet demand. The outcomes of these discussions are presented in this paper

Meeting the challenges facing wheat production: The strategic research agenda of the Global Wheat Initiative

Wheat occupies a special role in global food security since, in addition to providing 20% of our carbohydrates and protein, almost 25% of the global production is traded internationally. The importance of wheat for food security was recognised by the Chief Agricultural Scientists of the G20 group of countries when they endorsed the establishment of the Wheat Initiative in 2011. The Wheat Initiative was tasked with supporting the wheat research community by facilitating collaboration, information and resource sharing and helping to build the capacity to address challenges facing production in an increasingly variable environment. Many countries invest in wheat research. Innovations in wheat breeding and agronomy have delivered enormous gains over the past few decades, with the average global yield increasing from just over 1 tonne per hectare in the early 1960s to around 3.5 tonnes in the past decade. These gains are threatened by climate change, the rapidly rising financial and environmental costs of fertilizer, and pesticides, combined with declines in water availability for irrigation in many regions. The international wheat research community has worked to identify major opportunities to help ensure that global wheat production can meet demand. The outcomes of these discussions are presented in this paper

Protonated Montmorillonite Maghnite-H+ Clay Used as Green Non-toxic Catalyst for the Synthesis of Biocompatible poly (DXL -co- Styrene).

Copolymerization of 1,3-Dioxolane (DXL) with Styrene (St) catalyzed by Maghnite-H+ a montmorillonite sheet silicate clay exchanged with protons, was investigated. The cationic ring opening polymerization was initiated by Maghnite-H+ in bulk. The copolymer obtained was characterized by 1H-NMR, DSC and IR spectroscopy. The studies done, such as the effect of the amount of Maghnite-H+ on the syntheses of poly (DXL -co- Styrene)

Copolymerization of Carbon–carbon Double-bond Monomer (Styrene) with Cyclic Monomer (Tetrahydrofuran)

<p>We reported in this work that the cationic copolymerization in one step takes place between carbon–carbon double-bond monomer styrene with cyclic monomer tetrahydrofuran. The comonomers studied belong to different families: vinylic and cyclic ether. The reaction is initiated with maghnite-H⁺ an acid exchanged montmorillonite as acid solid ecocatalyst. Maghnite-H⁺ is already used as catalyst for polymerization of many vinylic and heterocyclic monomers. The oxonium ion of tetrahydrofuran and carbonium ion of styrene propagated the reaction of copolymerization. The acetic anhydride is essential for the maintenance of the ring opening of tetrahydrofuran and the entry in copolymerization. The temperature was kept constant at 40°C in oil bath heating for 6 hours. A typical reaction product was analyzed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and IR and the formation of the copolymer was confirmed. The reaction was proved by matched with analysis. The maghnite-H⁺ allowed us to obtain extremely pure copolymer in good yield by following a simples operational conditions. Copyright © 2012 by BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved</p><p><em>Received: 29th October 2012; Revised: 29th November 2012; Accepted: 29th November 2012</em></p><p>[<strong>How to Cite</strong>: S. Fouad, M.I. Ferrahi, M. Belbachir. (2012). Copolymerization of Carbon–carbon Double-bond Monomer (Styrene) with Cyclic Monomer (Tetrahydrofuran). <em>Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis</em>, 7(2): 165-171<strong>. </strong>(doi:10.9767/bcrec.7.2.4074.165-171)]</p><p><strong>[How to Link / DOI</strong>: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.7.2.4074.165-171">http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.7.2.4074.165-171</a> ]</p><p><a href="http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84872479136&amp;partnerID=65&amp;md5=f52a8d5256ed9712453433068d48114d" target="_blank"><img src="http://searchapi.scopus.com/citedby?&amp;citedbycount=http://be-layer7-prod/content/abstract/citation-count?doi=10.9767/bcrec.7.2.4074.165-171&amp;authToken=sat_265808957B530BD3E2947A171BBCB8E8900FFBC4380C35F86092CB00B8F943EFEB5F976632665CD2DAC80B0E7180E764738B5D2614C71C2AD0AA02E2DA68DFA48382F2F28D362F09F1EEBB27B639F86EA00C096C0F0A785ED77B860D868A02C24A8C6F6D4B9DCC3E075616AE50AB08C899F9D5C4FE3298585E29FEE0A4329ABDC424B1547DB7D7AB294D903A57510DDA1A0F679C4C96784DB37F3EBF4055F46C2524C06DF23A6AD289B642B1287F77E67EE3F68E85562F30&amp;ipAddress=182.255.0.13&amp;contentAPIKey=9cf02f45d6c541820cab5d2cd870c4f6&amp;authTokenStatusCode=200" border="0" alt="" /></a> | <a class="noDeco" href="http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&amp;scp=84872479136" target="_blank">View in <img style="vertical-align: middle;" src="http://searchapi.scopus.com/images/scopus_white_new.gif" border="0" alt="" /></a></p

Meeting the Challenges Facing Wheat Production: The Strategic Research Agenda of the Global Wheat Initiative

Wheat occupies a special role in global food security since, in addition to providing 20% of our carbohydrates and protein, almost 25% of the global production is traded internationally. The importance of wheat for food security was recognised by the Chief Agricultural Scientists of the G20 group of countries when they endorsed the establishment of the Wheat Initiative in 2011. The Wheat Initiative was tasked with supporting the wheat research community by facilitating collaboration, information and resource sharing and helping to build the capacity to address challenges facing production in an increasingly variable environment. Many countries invest in wheat research. Innovations in wheat breeding and agronomy have delivered enormous gains over the past few decades, with the average global yield increasing from just over 1 tonne per hectare in the early 1960s to around 3.5 tonnes in the past decade. These gains are threatened by climate change, the rapidly rising financial and environmental costs of fertilizer, and pesticides, combined with declines in water availability for irrigation in many regions. The international wheat research community has worked to identify major opportunities to help ensure that global wheat production can meet demand. The outcomes of these discussions are presented in this paper