LC-VCO design optimization methodology based on the gm/ID ratio for nanometer CMOS technologies

In this paper, an LC voltage-controlled oscillator (LC-VCO) design optimization methodology based on the gm/ID technique and on the exploration of all inversion regions of the MOS transistor (MOST) is presented. An in-depth study of the compromises between phase noise and current consumption permits optimization of the design for given specifications. Semiempirical models of MOSTs and inductors, obtained by simulation, jointly with analytical phase noise models, allow to get a design space map where the design tradeoffs are easily identified. Four LC-VCO designs in different inversion regions in a 90-nm CMOS process are obtained with the proposed methodology and verified with electrical simulations. Finally, the implementation and measurements are presented for a 2.4-GHz VCO operating in moderate inversion. The designed VCO draws 440 μA from a 1.2-V power supply and presents a phase noise of -106.2 dBc/Hz at 400 kHz from the carrier

O inquérito policial inquisitivo e seus óbices para um processo penal plenamente acusatório

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.Este trabalho está dentro da grande área de processo penal, e procura problematizar o instituto do inquérito policial. O sentido procurado no diagnóstico é o de conseguir elencar as principais características do inquérito policial, que são atinentes a um sistema processual penal ultrapassado, a saber, o sistema inquisitório. As críticas giram em torno do seu efeito estigmatizante; de sua ineficiência funcional; da falta de delimitações objetivas para a autoridade responsável pelo inquérito policial; das supressões de liberdades individuais durante o indiciamento, além de dar destaque ao sucateamento evidente do instituto. Nesse ínterim, também se buscou estabelecer algumas possibilidades de cunho garantista, considerando a referência de nossa carta magna a um sistema acusatório e mais coerente com um Estado Democrático de Direito. As considerações contornam, principalmente, o reconhecimento de um “contraditório mitigado”, não obstante o teor inquisitivo do inquérito policial. Optou-se pelo método dedutivo, permeado através de diálogo com a doutrina jurídica e com pesquisadores de outras áreas, e com a legislação pertinente, particularmente o Código de Processo Penal (Decreto-Lei 3.689/41) e a Constituição Federal de 1988. A pesquisa foi sobretudo de caráter analítico e não pretende esgotar o assunto. As reflexões são realizadas através dos ensinamentos de autores garantistas consagrados em nosso país, mormente Aury Lopes Jr., Fauzi Hassan Choukr e Jacinto Nelson de Miranda Coutinho. Além disso, em âmbito da análise da investigação preliminar policial, é primordial a pesquisa empírica realizada pelo sociólogo Michel Misse, que acompanhou a rotina em delegacias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.This work is in the area of criminal procedure, and aims to question the institution of the police investigation. The order in the diagnosis is able to list the main features of the police investigation, which are pertaining to an outdated criminal justice system, namely the inquisitorial system. My review revolve around its stigmatizing effect; its functional inefficiency; its lack of objective boundaries for the police investigation authority; its suppression of individual liberties in the indictment , and to highlight the apparent scrapping of the institute. Meanwhile, I also sought to establish some possible "guaranty" considerations in the police investigation, based on the brazilian constitution and its reference to an adversarial system. The considerations face mainly the recognition of a "mitigated contradictory", despite the inquisitive content of the police investigation . I opted for the deductive method, permeated through dialogue with the legal doctrine and researchers from other fields as well. I worked with the Code of Criminal Procedure (Law 3.689/41) and the Federal Constitution of 1988. The research was mainly analytical and is not intended to be exhaustive. The reflections are carried through the teachings of "guaranty" authors enshrined in our country, especially Aury Lopes Jr., Fauzi Hassan Choukr and Jacinto Miranda Nelson Coutinho. It was also very important the empirical research conducted by the sociologist Michel Misse, who accompanied the routine in police stations of the State of Rio de Janeiro

Michel Foucault y la construcción discursiva del cuerpo de lo sujeto moderno y su relación con la psicologia

Michel Foucault investigates the history of the relations between thought and truth and how the correlation between the two factors is established. The body's enunciation is a fundamental discursive element on the modern subject's truth game. Foucault's bibliography, commentators and other modern philosophers foreground current research which studies the issue of the body in the French philosopher's archaeological phase, mainly in The Order of Things. The discursive constitution of the body, life and man in their subjectification effects are highlighted, with special reference to the psychological subject's discursive constitution. In fact, Foucault de-naturalizes the body and presents it as a key concept (specification grade) in the production of discourses on modern man. Psyche is thus understood not as emanation or as the body's metaphysical essence, but as a discursive instrument, singularly emergent in the history of modern thought (FAPESP).Michel Foucault investiga la historia de las relaciones que el pensamiento mantiene con la verdad y como la correlación entre el pensamiento y la verdad es establecida, al traer el cuerpo como elemento discursivo fundamental en los juegos de verdades sobre la constitución del sujeto moderno. A través de la lectura de la bibliografía de este autor, comentaristas y otros filósofos, la investigación estudia la cuestión del cuerpo en la fase de Foucault arqueológica, principalmente en Las Palabras y las Cosas, destacando las formaciones discursivas del cuerpo, de la vida y del hombre en sus efectos sujetivadores, a la constitución del sujeto psicológico. Se comprobó que Foucault desnaturaliza el cuerpo, presentándolo como concepto-clave en la producción de discursos sobre el hombre moderno. Lo que nos permite comprender también la psiqué, no como emanación o esencia metafísica del cuerpo, sino como instrumento discursivo, emergente en la historia del pensamiento moderno.Michel Foucault investiga a história das relações que o pensamento mantém com a verdade e como se estabelece a correlação entre pensamento e verdade, tendo o enunciado do corpo como elemento discursivo fundamental na constituição dos jogos de verdades sobre o sujeito moderno. Através da leitura da bibliografia desse autor, de comentaristas e de outros filósofos modernos, esta pesquisa estuda a questão do corpo na fase arqueológica foucaultiana, principalmente no livro As Palavras e As Coisas, destacando as formações discursivas do corpo, da vida e do homem em seus efeitos subjetivadores, com especial referência à constituição discursiva do sujeito psicológico. Verificou-se que Foucault desnaturaliza o corpo, apresentando-o como conceito-chave (ou grade de especificação) na produção de discursos sobre o homem moderno, o que nos permite também compreender a psiqué não como emanação ou essência metafísica do corpo, mas como instrumento discursivo, singularmente emergente na história do pensamento moderno.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Semi-empirical model of MOST and passive devices focused on narrowband RF blocks

This paper presents a semi-empirical modeling of MOST and passive elements to be used in narrowband radiofrequency blocks for nanometer technologies. This model is based on a small set of look-up tables (LUTs) obtained via electrical simulations. The MOST description is valid for all-inversion regions of MOST and the data is extracted as function of the gm=ID characteristic; for the passive devices the LUTs include a simplified model of the element and its principal parasitic at the working frequency f0. These semi-empirical models are validated by designing a set of 2.4-GHz LNAs and 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz VCOs in three different MOST inversion regions

Analysis and design of a family of low-power class AB operational amplifiers

PostprintA new class AB output stage is presented which extends a family of recently proposed stages based on current mirrors without requiring extra-compensation capacitances. In-depth circuit analysis also shows the significant advantage of such stages for low-power consumption and leads to the derivation of an optimum design strategy. Experimental realizations are described, in particular a micropower amplifier for cardiac pacemaker application

A 110 nA pacemaker sensing channel in CMOS on silicon-on-insulator

PostprintThe design of a sensing channel for implantable cardiac pacemakers in CMOS on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology is presented. The total current consumption is lowered to only 110nA thanks to the optimization at the architectural level, the application of a new class AB design approach at the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and the exploitation of the improved characteristics of thin-film fully depleted SOI CMOS technology. The core of the prototyped sense channel (OTA and comparator) occupies 0.06mm/sup 2/ in a 3/spl mu/m technology and is suitable for operation from implantable grade batteries with power supply voltages from 2.8V down to 2V. Experimental results of the building blocks and complete sensing channel performance are presented. The achieved results demonstrate the benefits of fully depleted SOI CMOS technology for micropower applications