Analisis Optimasi Produksi Sumur Gas Lift Lapangan Awiligar dengan Perbandingan Desain Ulang dan Konversi Esp

Sumur minyak yang berproduksi akan mengalami penurunan produksi dikarenakan turunnya tekanan formasi sehingga dibutuhkan pengangkatan buatan.Sumur – sumur pada Lapangan Awiligar sebagian besar berproduksi dengan pengangkatan buatan gas lift. Lapangan Awiligar bertujuan meningkatkan produksi harian, sehingga perlu dilakukan optimasi diantaranya optimasi sumur – sumur gas lift. Sumur gas lift yang dikaji adalah Sumur M-150, Sumur – M-155, Sumur M-160, dan Sumur M-165 karena water cut yang tidak terlalu tinggi diantara sumur gas lift lainnya dan produksi yang lebih tinggi dari sumur gas lift lainnya.Optimasi dilakukan dengan perbandingan antara menambah jumlah laju injeksi gas, mendesain ulang posisi katup, dan menkonversi menjadi Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) dimana skenario terbaik dilihat dari lifting cost terkecil. Hasil skenario terbaik untuk optimasi sumur kajian adalah dengan konversi menjadi ESP dikarenakan produksi yang lebih besar dan lifting cost yang lebih rendah dari gas lift

Binary logistic regression analysis with considered independent variables.

<p>Binary logistic regression analysis with considered independent variables.</p

Exploratory factor analysis of the 26 MPPUS items in a Spanish adult and adolescent population.

<p>Exploratory factor analysis of the 26 MPPUS items in a Spanish adult and adolescent population.</p

Distribution of the sample with respect to geographic area, age, gender, main occupation, and level of schooling.

<p>Distribution of the sample with respect to geographic area, age, gender, main occupation, and level of schooling.</p

Descriptive analysis and internal consistency of the items via Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.

<p>Descriptive analysis and internal consistency of the items via Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.</p

Average scores and prevalence for typical users of the MPPUS.

<p>Average scores and prevalence for typical users of the MPPUS.</p

Analysis of the number of NAPE-PLD-ir cells per area (µm²) in the lamina propria of acute and quiescent (5-ASA and corticoid-treated) UC patients compared to control ones.

<p>A–D: Representative high-magnification photomicrographs showing NAPE-PLD immunostaining in the lamina propria. E: No significant change in the number of NAPE-PLD-ir cells was observed in the infiltrate of the lamina propria of acute UC patients and after treatment (5-ASA and corticoids). Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests (N = 15–22).</p

Representative high-magnification photomicrographs showing double immunofluorescence for NAAA, CD19, CD3 and CD14 in order to characterize the immune cells in the mucosa infiltrate of UC patients.

<p>NAAA immunofluorescence was observed in CD19+ B lymphocytes (A–C), CD3+ T lymphocytes (D–F) and CD14+ macrophages (G–I).</p

Schematic drawings that hypothesize the normal pattern of NAE-PPARα activity (A), and the pro- and anti-inflammatory NAE-PPARα signaling that may occur in the colonic epithelial cells of active UC at disease onset (B) and after a putative treatment with 5-ASA and/or glucocorticoids (C).

<p>Schematic drawings that hypothesize the normal pattern of NAE-PPARα activity (A), and the pro- and anti-inflammatory NAE-PPARα signaling that may occur in the colonic epithelial cells of active UC at disease onset (B) and after a putative treatment with 5-ASA and/or glucocorticoids (C).</p

Pretreatment with an ultra-low dose of SR141716A or the peripheral CB1 antagonist LH-21 on the orexigenic effect induced by ghrelin in free feeding animals.

<p>Administration of ghrelin (0.5 µg, i.c.v.) increased food intake in free feeding animals. A) The subeffective dose of SR141716A (0.03 mg/kg, i.p) counteracted ghrelin-induced orexigenic effect. As expected, the ultra-low dose of SR141716A showed no effect on food intake in vehicle-treated animals. B) Pretreatment with LH-21 (3 mg/kg, i.p.) counteracted the increase in food intake induced by ghrelin and had no effect in vehicle-treated rats. Data are means ± SEM of 6–10 determinations per group. Different from vehicle-injected rats: *<i>P</i><0.05. ***<i>P</i><0.001; different from ghrelin treatment: ^#<i>P</i><0.05, ^##<i>P</i><0.01, ^###<i>P</i><0.001.</p