Plaque index and gingival index during rapid maxillary expansion of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate

<div><p>ABSTRACT Objective: To assess, during rapid maxillary expansion, the plaque index (PI) and the gingival index (GI) of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate(UCLP) using Hyrax (HX) or inverted mini-Hyrax (IMHX) rapid maxillary expanders (RME) considering patients’ sex and age. Methods: PI (Quigley Index modified by Turesky et al) and GI (Löe and Silness) of 28 UCLP (11 females; 17 males: aged 8 to 15 years) submitted to daily RME activation were assessed before (T0) and 7 (T1), 28 (T2) and 90 (T3) days after activation. Log-linear models and Bonferroni correction were performed to analyze possible differences in PI and GI between RME, sexes or age groups over time. Results: Intra-group comparison revealed significant increases in PI of patients using HX (T0 < T2), IMHX (T0 < T3; T1< T3), males (T0 < T1; T0 < T2; T0 < T3) or aged 12-15 years (T0 < T1; T0 < T2; T0 < T3), and in GI of patients using IMHX (T0 < T3; T1 < T3), females (T1 < T3; T2 < T3) or aged 12-15 years (T0 < T3; T2 < T3). One inter-group difference in GI according to patients’ age (8-11 < 12-15; T1) was observed. Conclusions: Since a single difference between groups was encountered, the results of this study indicated that PI and GI during maxillary expansion were similar between HX and IMHX, sexes and the analyzed age groups. Therefore, orthodontists can use these RME in UCLP patients according to the patient’s necessity or their preferences.</p></div

Relationship between implant stability on the abutment and platform level by means of resonance frequency analysis: A cross-sectional study

<div><p>Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) has become the main tool used to assess the osseointegration of dental implants. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between the ISQ values with different prosthetic abutments and with the implant platform. The hypothesis was that ISQ values changes according to the abutment height. Twelve patients were included, whose contribution to the study was 31 dental implants (external hexagon connection implants, 4.1x10 mm). The temporary implant-supported crown and prosthetic components were removed and the following smartpegs were inserted, one at a time: type 1, in the implant platform (G1); type A3, in the microunit component with 1mm transmucosal height (G2) and type A3, in the microunit component with 5mm transmucosal height (G3). In all the smartpegs, RFA measurements were taken on mesial, distal, buccal and lingual surfaces. All evaluations were performed by a single calibrated examiner (ICC = 0.989). Data were analyzed by Friedman and Spearman correlation tests and log-linear marginal regression (p<0.05). The mean age of participants was 52.83 (± 3.77) years. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.001) among the mean ISQ of G1 (88.27 ±5.70); G2 (72.75 ±4.73) and G3 (66.33 ±3.67). There was statistically significant negative correlation between the ISQ and the measurement distance (rs:-0.852; p<0.001; R2:0.553). Measurement distance was significantly associated (p<0.001) with ISQ value in the log-linear regression. The abutment height has a significant impact on resonance frequency analysis measurements. The higher the transmucosal abutment height, the lower the implant stability quotient value. Clinically, the ISQ measured on the abutment cannot be compared with values measured on the implant platform.</p></div

Resonance frequency analysis by Osstell.

<p>A) Implant platform B) 1mm microunit C) 5mm microunit.</p

ISQ comparisons among groups.

<p>ISQ comparisons among groups.</p

Log-linear regression of the variable that predicts the ISQ value.

<p>Log-linear regression of the variable that predicts the ISQ value.</p

Regions of the gingival tissue evaluated for immature and mature DCs.

<p>Immunohistochemical staining of Factor XIIIa+ immature DCs (A), CD1a+ immature DCs (B), and CD83+ mature DCs (C) (streptavidin-biotin, 50x original magnification). Factor XIIIa+ immature DCs could be observed in the lamina propria (LP) region (D). CD1a+ immature DCs could be observed in the oral epithelium (E), sulcular epithelium and LP regions (F). CD83+ mature DCs could be observed in the oral epithelium (G) and LP regions (H) (streptavidin-biotin, 400x original magnification).</p

Cytokine levels in individuals with mild-moderate or advanced chronic periodontitis and normal mucosa.

<p>Levels of TNF-α (A), IL-6 (B), IL-2 (C), INF- (D), IL-4 (E), IL-10 (F), and IL-17A (G). *Statistically significant difference at P<0.016 in normal mucosa <i>versus</i> mild-moderate chronic periodontitis. **Statistically significant difference at P<0.016, in normal mucosa <i>versus</i> advanced chronic periodontitis.</p

Surgical and Non-Surgical Procedures Associated with Recurrence of Periodontitis in Periodontal Maintenance Therapy: 5-Year Prospective Study

<div><p>Background and Objective</p><p>Prospective studies that investigated the influence of surgical and nonsurgical procedures in the recurrence of periodontitis and tooth loss in periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) programs have not been previously reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the recurrence of periodontitis in regular compliers (RC) and irregular compliers (IC) individuals undergoing surgical and non-surgical procedures over 5 years in a program of PMT.</p><p>Materials and Methods</p><p>A total of 212 individuals participated in this study. Full-mouth periodontal examination including bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were determined at all PMT visits over 5 years. The recurrence of periodontitis was evaluated in RC and IC individuals undergoing surgical and non-surgical procedures in PMT. The influences of risk variables of interest were tested through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.</p><p>Results</p><p>Recurrence of periodontitis was significantly lower among RC when compared to IC. Individuals with recurrence of periodontitis and undergoing surgical procedures showed higher probing depth and clinical attachment loss than those who received non-surgical procedures. Recurrence of periodontitis was higher in individual undergoing surgical procedures and irregular compliance during PMT.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Irregular compliance and surgical procedures in individuals undergoing PMT presented higher rates of recurrence of periodontitis when compared to regular compliant patients undergoing non-surgical procedures.</p></div

Recurrence of periodontitis and non-surgical or surgical procedures performed during PMT (full-mouth, non-molar and molar) in RC and IC groups.

<p>Comparisons between RC and IC followed by different letters are significant(p <0.05).</p><p>Recurrence of periodontitis and non-surgical or surgical procedures performed during PMT (full-mouth, non-molar and molar) in RC and IC groups.</p

Periodontal status of individuals with recurrence of periodontitis with surgical or non-surgical procedures during PMT at final examination.

<p>*Mean % of affected sites ± standard deviation</p><p>Comparisons between treatment modalities within each group (RC surgical versus RC non-surgical, and IC surgical versus IC non-surgical) followed by distinct capital letters are significantly different (Student-t test for dependent samples). Comparisons between groups within each treatment modality (RC surgical versus IC surgical, and RC non-surgical versus IC non-surgical) followed by distinct lower cases letters are significantly different (Student-t test for independent samples). Multiple comparisons adjusted by Bonferroni correction (p<0.04).</p><p>Periodontal status of individuals with recurrence of periodontitis with surgical or non-surgical procedures during PMT at final examination.</p