334 research outputs found
Low-wage employment in Portugal: Social dimension and recent evolution
Low-wage employment is one of the main origins of poverty and social exclusion in Portugal, along with low pensions granted to elder citizens. In this paper our aim is to provide a first approach of the social dimension of low-wage employment in Portugal, analysing its incidence and profile among regions, sectors, professions, skill levels and gender. This decomposition analysis will stress the most important factors underlying the phenomenon. At a first stage we shall study wage structure and wage inequality evolution in the last decade. The incidence and evolution of low wages and minimum legal wages will be compared whith average wages, in order to evaluate the situation of the low payed vis a vis the other better paid workers. We proceed analysing low-wage decomposition by the criteria mentioned above, taken separately and in interaction, to identify the main determinants and the cumulative effects of these factors in the explanation and evolution of low wages. The main data set available is "Quadros de Pessoal" (Data base of worker characteristics provided by firms) from the MESS ( Employment and Social Security Ministry). In this study we will use directly this data base. Other statistical sources will also be used for complementary aspects. We must say that the data on these area of research are still insufficiently developed in Portugal, and that, in consequence, socio-economic knowledge on low-wage employment as a mechanism of social exclusion is still incipient. Low-wage are but one of the dimensions of social exclusion, closely related with poverty as insufficient economic resources, and is often associated with other dimensions of social exclusion in the labour market, such as unemployment vulnerability and job instability. The crucial role in this triad - low-pay, unemployment, job instability - is played by skill levels, which are particularly low in our country, as we?ll try to demonstrate. Social exclusion must however be analysed at the family unit. As long as income is concerned, wages are far the most important source, particularly for low income active families, and the ?low skills - low pay - low income? chain seems to be the major determinant of social exclusion. The evidence about this mechanism can be found in recent data on Family Budgets.
Intervenção arqueológica na Lapa dos Pinheirinhos 1 (Sesimbra).
In 2000, short season of work was realized in Lapa dos Pinheirinhos 1, with the support of the Center of Speleology of the Costa Azul (NECA). Now, we present the results of this study, as well as the methodologies adopted that allowed, in general, to identifying an occupation of this area as a necropolis during Prehistory
POVOAMENTO DA PRÉ-HISTÓRIA RECENTE NA ARRÁBIDA:
Após muitas décadas de investigação e trabalhos arqueológicos na região da Serra da Arrábida, que permitiram evidenciar o seu potencial arqueológico e paisagístico o seu conhecimento, em termos globais, ainda é relativamente escasso. De facto, desde o seu início, que a investigação arqueológica,
nesta área, tem passado pela intervenção de alguns sítios emblemáticos, como é o caso da Lapa do Fumo e da Roça do Casal do Meio (Sesimbra), do povoado de Chibanes (Palmela) ou das grutas artificiais da Quinta do Anjo (Palmela), tornando-a conhecida a nível internacional. Os projectos de investigação
desenvolvidos nas últimas décadas nesta área permitiram ampliar substancialmente os dados
conhecidos sobretudo no que diz respeito à Pré-história recente. Neste trabalho apresentam-se um conjunto de sítios identificados pelas signatárias nos últimos anos que vêm trazer novos dados sobre
este período, sendo de realçar o registo de novos sítios mesolíticos
Does corporate governance matter?
Objective This paper examines the extent to which different corporate governance mechanisms affect the recognition and measurement of goodwill impairment, considering that these decisions are affected by a complex set of factors such as variables associated with corporate governance, economic/financial variables, and the market. Methodology We used data from 110 companies, both Spanish (75) and Portuguese (35), with listed securities, in the period 2010–2016 (unbalanced panel), and the path analysis method to infer financial and non-financial data relationships. Findings The results support the hypothesis that attributes linked to management and internal and external control mechanisms, as well as economic/financial, market and location variables, are directly and indirectly associated with the recognition of goodwill impairment. Value Added This paper outlines a company behavioral profile where opportunity seems to prevail over timely recognition and measurement of goodwill impairment. Big bath practices appear to be well founded, as well as the alignment of this strategy with market signals. Recommendations To foster the adoption of accounting practices close to the interests of all stakeholders, regulators should be encouraged to incentivize corporate governance models that promote the periodic rotation of the chief executive officer/chairman, the independence of all members of the statutory audit board, and training in economic and financial areas.publishe
Speaking tasks in the Primary English Classroom
This report describes the action research project I engaged in as part of my practicum as a trainee teacher during my master’s degree in teaching English in primary education. My objective was to gain understanding of the benefits of speaking tasks in the learning process and find out in what ways oral pair work fosters children’s participation in the classroom. This study also served to show how teachers can plan activities in order to promote oral interaction in a student-centred approach. The research took place in a state primary school belonging to a school cluster near Cascais, Portugal. The class referred to in my study was a year 4 class
composed of 27 students who had English for the first time in their year 3. There were 10 girls and 17 boys with ages between 9 and 10. This class had English twice a week in the afternoon and the lessons had the length of one hour. My research was implemented from late-September to mid-December. The research tools used for data collection were questionnaires, recordings, and journal entries. Classroom strategies and two speaking tasks in pairs were implemented in order to develop speaking skills. Data collected from recordings showed that over time, more students were able to use English to communicate in the classroom. Moreover, the study
demonstrated that the teacher’s role is fundamental in creating student-centred environments. Results of this research may encourage English teachers to plan their lessons focusing on their students’ needs and process of communication in the real world.Este relatório refere o projeto de pesquisa da minha prática de ensino supervisionada durante o Mestrado de Ensino do Inglês no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. O meu objetivo foi observar as implicações das atividades de produção oral e perceber de que maneira a comunicação oral entre pares promove a participação dos alunos na sala de aula. Este estudo teve igualmente o objetivo de demonstrar como os professores podem planear as atividades de modo a promover interação oral centrada nos alunos. O estudo ocorreu numa escola primária pública pertencente a um agrupamento de escolas perto de Cascais, em Portugal. A classe referida no meu estudo é uma turma de 4º ano composta de 27 alunos, dos quais 10 raparigas e 17 rapazes, com idades compreendidas entre os 9 e 10 anos. Todos os alunos tiveram inglês pela primeira vez no 3º ano de escolaridade. Esta turma tinha inglês duas vezes por semana no período da tarde, e as aulas tinham a duração de 1 hora. O meu estudo teve início em finais de setembro até meados de dezembro. Foram implementadas estratégias na sala de aula e gravadas duas atividades de interação oral em pares. Os instrumentos de investigação utilizados para recolha de dados foram questionários, gravações, e anotações num diário de professor. Os dados recolhidos das gravações demonstraram que com o decorrer do tempo, os alunos conseguiam comunicar em inglês na sala de aula. O estudo demonstrou também que o papel do professor é determinante para a criação de um ambiente centrado no aluno. Os resultados desta pesquisa podem encorajar os professores de inglês a planear as suas aulas tendo como foco principal as necessidades dos alunos e o processo de comunicação no mundo real
Low-wage employment in Portugal: Social dimension and recent evolution
Low-wage employment is one of the main origins of poverty and social exclusion in Portugal, along with low pensions granted to elder citizens. In this paper our aim is to provide a first approach of the social dimension of low-wage employment in Portugal, analysing its incidence and profile among regions, sectors, professions, skill levels and gender. This decomposition analysis will stress the most important factors underlying the phenomenon. At a first stage we shall study wage structure and wage inequality evolution in the last decade. The incidence and evolution of low wages and minimum legal wages will be compared whith average wages, in order to evaluate the situation of the low payed vis a vis the other better paid workers. We proceed analysing low-wage decomposition by the criteria mentioned above, taken separately and in interaction, to identify the main determinants and the cumulative effects of these factors in the explanation and evolution of low wages. The main data set available is "Quadros de Pessoal" (Data base of worker characteristics provided by firms) from the MESS ( Employment and Social Security Ministry). In this study we will use directly this data base. Other statistical sources will also be used for complementary aspects. We must say that the data on these area of research are still insufficiently developed in Portugal, and that, in consequence, socio-economic knowledge on low-wage employment as a mechanism of social exclusion is still incipient. Low-wage are but one of the dimensions of social exclusion, closely related with poverty as insufficient economic resources, and is often associated with other dimensions of social exclusion in the labour market, such as unemployment vulnerability and job instability. The crucial role in this triad - low-pay, unemployment, job instability - is played by skill levels, which are particularly low in our country, as we?ll try to demonstrate. Social exclusion must however be analysed at the family unit. As long as income is concerned, wages are far the most important source, particularly for low income active families, and the ?low skills - low pay - low income? chain seems to be the major determinant of social exclusion. The evidence about this mechanism can be found in recent data on Family Budgets
Airlines versus fast-moving consumer goods industry
The purpose of this research is to assess whether the Cash Conversion Cycle differs between industries, by looking at Days Inventory Outstanding, Days Sales Outstanding and Days Payables Outstanding. This research provides an overview of Cash Conversion Cycle in two different industries and discusses how each component influences Cash Conversion Cycle. It uses a sample of 172 data points (43 firms) from multinational companies operating worldwide. Based on data retrieved from Bloomberg and from the annual reports of 23 Fast-Moving Consumer Goods companies and 20 major airline companies, a univariate and bivariate (correlation) analysis was done. The analyses for both industries cover four years, from 2009 to 2012, a time span that includes a period of economic downturn. The findings suggest that Cash Conversion Cycle differs between industries. It also differs depending on the size of the company. While its components – Days Inventory Outstanding, Days Sales Outstanding and Days Payables Outstanding – directly affect Cash Conversion Cycle, there are also other factors at play, such as inventory costing system, bargaining power with suppliers and customer credit policies. The economic downturn, and particularly the specificities of each industry make this overview relevant. The research addresses managers who should take Working Capital Management decisions, which can extend or reduce Cash Conversion Cycle, as it contributes to a better understanding of how the size of a firm, its inventory system, liquidity, and payables are associated to the Cash Conversion Cycle and consequently affect companies’ profitability.publishersversionpublishe
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