Morphology and viability of pollen grains from wild varieties of pineapple

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade de grãos de pólen de acessos silvestres de abacaxi mediante a percentagem de germinação in vitro, crescimento do tubo polínico em duas temperaturas de incubação e uso de carmim acético. Além disso, o trabalho busca reconhecer os padrões da morfologia polínica de algumas variedades de abacaxi. Foram utilizadas amostras de pólen coletadas de seis acessos de abacaxi: Silvestre-25, I-26/803 (Ananas macrodontes), Igor (A. comosus var. erectifolius), Ananás Santo Amaro, FRF-22 e FRF-32 (A. comosus var. bracteatus). Os grãos de pólen foram inoculados em meio de cultura contendo 10% de sacarose, 0,01% H3BO3, 0,01% KNO3, 0,03% Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, solidificado com 1% de ágar e pH ajustado para 6,5. Foram testadas as temperaturas de incubação de 25°C e 30°C. A viabilidade do pólen foi avaliada pela coloração com carmim acético a 2%. Todas as variedades de A. comosus apresentaram grãos de pólen de tamanho médio, simetria radial, âmbito ovalado a esferoidal, 2-porados, subprolatos, exina eutectada, reticulada, heterobrocada, lumens variando de arredondados a poligonais, sem granulações, com exceção dos dois acessos de A. macrodontes que apresentaram tamanho grande. Melhores taxas de germinação foram obtidas para A. macrodontes em comparação com o erectifolius e bracteatus. A maioria dos acessos apresentou viabilidade com carmim acético acima de 76%.The aim of this research was to evaluate the pollen grains viability from accessions of wild pineapple using in vitro pollen germination and the growth of the polinic tube in two different temperatures and acetic carmine. In addition, the study aimed to recognize the pattern of pollen morphology of some pineapple varieties. Samples from six pineapple's accessions: Silvestre-25, I-26/803 (Ananas macrodontes), Igor (A. comosus var. erectifolius), Ananás Santo Amaro, FRF-22 and FRF-32 (A. comosus var. bracteatus) were used. The pollen grains were inoculated onto medium culture containing 10% of sucrose, 0.01% H3BO3, 0.01% KNO3, 0.03% Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, solidified with 1% agar and pH adjusted to 6.5. Two incubation temperatures, 25°C e 30°C were evaluated. Pollen viability was evaluated by staining with 2% acetic carmine. All varieties of A. comosus showed pollen grains of medium size, radial symmetry, oval to spheroidal, ambit 2-porate, subprolate, exine eutectic, reticulate, heterobrochate, lumens ranging from polygonal to rounded, grain-free, except for two accessions of A. macrodontes that showed big size. The best germination rates were obtained for A. macrodontes when compared to erectifolius and bracteatus. The majority of accessions presented pollen viability higher than 76% using the acetic carmine technique

Influence of dehydration on cryopreservation of Musa spp. germplasm

Cryopreservation is an important technique for the long-term storage of economically important plant germplasm. In this study, an efficient protocol was developed for the long-term conservation of seven economically important Musa taxa: M. acuminata Colla ssp. burmannica N.W. Simmonds, M. acuminata Colla ssp. zebrina (Van Houtte) R.E. Nasution, M. balbisiana Colla, M. basjoo Sieb., M. ornata W. Roxburgh (St. Lavender), M. velutina H. Wendl. et Drude (Velvet Pink Banana), and M. acuminata’ balbisiana. The seeds were dehydrated in a sterile laminar flow cabinet for different exposure times and then they were directly immersed in liquid nitrogen. The critical point was to support the initial germination of cryopreserved seeds and this was achieved by the excision of zygotic embryos after liquid nitrogen treatment that allowed the seed germination. The best moisture content for tolerance to cryopreservation ranged from 15.8% (M. acuminata ssp. zebrina) to 17.1% (M. ornata) and the maximum post-cryopreservation germination rates varied from 86.4% (M. velutina) to 55.0% (M. ornata). All seedlings derived from seeds germinated after cryopreservation were easily rooted and acclimated to greenhouse conditions

Conservação in vitro de germoplasma de abacaxi tratado com paclobutrazol

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on in vitro growth and conservation of pineapple germplasm. Plants of the PE x SC-60 pineapple hybrid were cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 30 g L-1 of sucrose and 8 g L-1 of agar. Treatments consisted of two concentrations of PBZ, the first one applied at the beginning of the trial and the other ninety days after. The best result was obtained without PBZ or with 0.5 mg L-1 at the beginning of the trial. It was possible to reduce the number of subcultures during conservation.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do paclobutrazol (PBZ) no crescimento in vitro de plantas de abacaxi visando à conservação do germoplasma. Utilizou-se o meio MS suplementado com 30 g L-1 de sacarose e 8 g L-1 de ágar. Cada tratamento consistiu de duas doses de PBZ: a primeira aplicada no início do experimento e a segunda, noventa dias após, em combinações que envolviam a ausência, 0,5 e 1,0 mg L-1. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos na ausência do PBZ, ou com 0,5 mg L-1 aplicada apenas no início do experimento. Foi possível reduzir o número de subcultivos durante o período de conservação

Conservação in vitro de germoplasma de abacaxi tratado com paclobutrazol

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on in vitro growth and conservation of pineapple germplasm. Plants of the PE x SC-60 pineapple hybrid were cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 30 g L-1 of sucrose and 8 g L-1 of agar. Treatments consisted of two concentrations of PBZ, the first one applied at the beginning of the trial and the other ninety days after. The best result was obtained without PBZ or with 0.5 mg L-1 at the beginning of the trial. It was possible to reduce the number of subcultures during conservation.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do paclobutrazol (PBZ) no crescimento in vitro de plantas de abacaxi visando à conservação do germoplasma. Utilizou-se o meio MS suplementado com 30 g L-1 de sacarose e 8 g L-1 de ágar. Cada tratamento consistiu de duas doses de PBZ: a primeira aplicada no início do experimento e a segunda, noventa dias após, em combinações que envolviam a ausência, 0,5 e 1,0 mg L-1. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos na ausência do PBZ, ou com 0,5 mg L-1 aplicada apenas no início do experimento. Foi possível reduzir o número de subcultivos durante o período de conservação

Variabilidade genética de populações naturais de caroá por meio de marcadores RAPD

The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic variability within and among populations of caroá (Neoglaziovia variegata) using (RAPD) markers. One hundred eighty caroá genotypes from Guanambi, Juazeiro and Valente counties in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were analyzed. A high polymorphism was observed among the caroá populations. The genetic dissimilarities among all genotypes ranged from 0.08 to 0.95 with an average of 0.44. The molecular variance showed that 56% of the total variation was explained by the differences among individuals within locations. The differences among counties explained 17% of the total variation, while the differences among places within counties explained 26% of the variation.O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a variabilidade genética entre e dentro de populações de caroá (Neoglaziovia variegata), por meio de marcadores "random amplified polymorphic DNA" (RAPD). Foram analisados 180 genótipos de caroá, provenientes dos municípios de Guanambi, Juazeiro e Valente, no Estado da Bahia. Foi observado elevado polimorfismo entre as populações de caroá. As dissimilaridades genéticas entre os genótipos variaram de 0,08 a 0,95, com média de 0,44. A variância molecular mostrou que 56% da variação total foi explicada pelas diferenças entre indivíduos dentro de locais. As diferenças entre municípios explicaram 17% da variação total, enquanto as diferenças entre locais dentro dos municípios explicaram 26% da variação

Genetic variability of banana with ornamental potential

The Musa germplasm collection at Embrapa Cassava and Fruits detains accessions from different sections of the Musa genus. The objective of the present study was to identify and morphologically characterize banana accessions from the banana germplasm with ornamental potential, as well as to quantify their genetic variability; and identify possible progenitors to be used in breeding aiming to achieve ornamental crossbreeds. The accessions were evaluated with the use of 32 morphological descriptors. Then, they were the following grouped into categories: landscape plants, cut flower, potted plants, and male inflorescence minifruits. The pre-selected accessions presented great genetic variability and ornamental potential for different uses. The accessions of the Rhodochlamys and Callimusa sections were selected to be used as landscape plants, cut flowers, potted plants, male inflorescence and minifruits. Most of the diploids from the Eumusa section evaluated in this study are indicated for the production of ornamental minifruits, except for 'Lidi' and Cici, which can also be indicated as landscape plants. The BB diploids have great potential for the use of the male inflorescence in floral arrangements, and did not offer any other indication.Embrapa [MP2-02.07.02.003.00.05]Banco do Nordeste S/ACoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES