Transtornos Neurodivergentes na infância: Abordagens Multidisciplinares para Intervenção e Suporte Educacional

INTRODUCTION: Neurodivergent disorders in childhood, such as ASD, ADHD and dyslexia, require multidisciplinary approaches to ensure effective interventions and adequate educational support. Collaboration between professionals from different areas is essential to meet complex needs and promote the integral development of children. METHODOLOGY: This study is based on a literature review and case study analysis to evaluate multidisciplinary approaches to the intervention and educational support of children with neurodivergent disorders. The review included articles from the last 20 years, obtained from academic databases, and the data was qualitatively analyzed to identify recurring patterns and themes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Multidisciplinary approaches are essential to treat neurodivergent disorders such as ASD, ADHD and dyslexia, providing effective interventions and comprehensive educational support. Collaboration between professionals from different areas promotes the integral development of children and significantly improves academic and social results. Playful strategies and ongoing, coordinated support are highlighted as crucial for the inclusion and well-being of neurodivergent students. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It is clear that collaboration between different professionals improves academic and social results. Playful activities, affection and continued teacher training are essential for effective inclusion. Furthermore, future studies can explore innovative technologies to expand educational support for children with neurodivergent disorders.INTRODUÇÃO: Os transtornos neurodivergentes na infância, como TEA, TDAH e dislexia, exigem abordagens multidisciplinares para garantir intervenções eficazes e suporte educacional adequado. A colaboração entre profissionais de diversas áreas é essencial para atender às necessidades complexas e promover o desenvolvimento integral das crianças. METODOLOGIA: Este estudo baseia-se em uma revisão de literatura e análise de estudo de caso para avaliar abordagens multidisciplinares na intervenção e suporte educacional de crianças com transtornos neurodivergentes. A revisão incluiu artigos dos últimos 20 anos, obtidos em bases de dados acadêmicas, e os dados foram analisados qualitativamente para identificar padrões e temas recorrentes. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: As abordagens multidisciplinares são essenciais para tratar transtornos neurodivergentes como TEA, TDAH e dislexia, proporcionando intervenções eficazes e suporte educativo abrangente. A colaboração entre profissionais de diversas áreas promove o desenvolvimento integral das crianças e melhora significativamente os resultados acadêmicos e sociais. As estratégias lúdicas e o suporte contínuo e coordenado são destacados como cruciais para a inclusão e o bem-estar dos alunos neurodivergentes. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS:  Evidencia-se que a colaboração entre diversos profissionais melhora os resultados acadêmicos e sociais. Atividades lúdicas, afetividade e a formação continuada de professores são essenciais para a inclusão eficaz. Além disso, futuros estudos podem explorar tecnologias inovadoras para ampliar o suporte educacional de crianças com transtornos neurodivergentes

Limited Evidence for Infection of Urban and Peri-urban Nonhuman Primates with Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Brazil

ABSTRACT Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in the Americas in 2013. Limited antigenic variability of CHIKV and ZIKV may restrict urban transmission cycles due to population protective immunity. In Africa, sylvatic transmission cycles involving nonhuman primates (NHP) are known for CHIKV and ZIKV, causing cyclic reemergence in humans. To evaluate whether sylvatic cycles can be expected in Latin America, we tested 207 NHP collected between 2012 and 2017 in urban and peri-urban settings in Brazil for infection with ZIKV and CHIKV. No animal tested positive for viral RNA in genus-specific and species-specific reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays. In contrast, six animals (2.9%) from the families Atelidae, Callitrichidae, and Cebidae showed ZIKV-specific antibodies and 11 (5.3%) showed CHIKV-specific antibodies in plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT). Reactivity was monotypic against either ZIKV or CHIKV in all cases, opposing unspecific virucidal activity of sera. PRNT endpoint titers were low at 1:40 in all NHP, and positive specimens did not correspond to the likely dispersal route and time of introduction of both arboviruses. All antibody-positive samples were therefore tested against the NHP-associated yellow fever virus (YFV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) and against the human-associated dengue virus (DENV) by PRNT. Two ZIKV-positive samples were simultaneously DENV positive and two CHIKV-positive samples were simultaneously MAYV positive, at titers of 1:40 to 1:160. This suggested cross-reactive antibodies against heterologous alphaviruses and flaviviruses in 24% of ZIKV-positive/CHIKV-positive sera. In sum, low seroprevalence, invariably low antibody titers, and the distribution of positive specimens call into question the capability of ZIKV and CHIKV to infect New World NHP and establish sylvatic transmission cycles. IMPORTANCE Since 2013, Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have infected millions of people in the Americas via urban transmission cycles. Nonhuman primates (NHP) are involved in sylvatic transmission cycles maintaining ZIKV and CHIKV in the Old World. We tested NHP sampled during 2012 to 2017 in urban and peri-urban areas severely affected by ZIKV and CHIKV in Brazil. Seroprevalence and antibody titers were low for both viruses. Additionally, we found evidence for infection by heterologous viruses eliciting cross-reactive antibodies. Our data suggest that urban or peri-urban NHP are not easily infected by ZIKV and CHIKV despite intense local transmission. These data may imply that the ZIKV and CHIKV outbreaks in the Americas cannot be sustained in urban or peri-urban NHP once human population immunity limits urban transmission cycles. Investigation of diverse animals is urgently required to determine the fate of the ZIKV and CHIKV outbreaks in the Americas

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications