Diagnostics in Colorectal Surgery

The rapid development in radiological examinations has opened a new chapter in colorectal surgery. Unlike classical books, in this section we preferred to use more modern and everyday practical methods such as endoscopy or magnetic resonance imaging or endorectal ultrasonography, rather than sparing less used examinations such as X-rays and barium graphs

Anatomy of Esophagus

Anatomy knowledge is the basic stone of healing diseases. Arteries, veins, wall structure, nerves, narrowing, curves, relations with other organs are very important to understand esophagial diseases. In this chapter we aimed to explain anatomical fundementals of oesophagus

A RARE PHENOMENON CREATING DILEMMA FOR THE SURGEON:PNEUMOPERITONEUM AFTER COLONOSCOPY

Pneumoperitoneum is free air existence in abdomen and usually caused by the perforation in gastrointestinal system. Peptic ulcer disease is the most common cause of perforation and pneumoperitoneum. The presence of free air in abdomen usually indicates emergency surgery. However, surgical approach is not required in some cases of pneumoperitoneum if there is no evidence of perforation and no sign of peritoneal irritation. Herein, we present an 82-year–old male patient who had pneumoperitoneum after colonoscopy and treated non-surgically

New Horizons in Laparoscopic Surgery

Approximately 100 years ago, after the first diagnostic laparoscopy and subsequent developments, the adventure began with laparoscopic appendectomy and cholecystectomy and reached a point where any surgical procedure could be performed easily. Today, many endoscopic surgical procedures have an important role not only in general surgery, but also in the daily practice of many surgical branches. This vertiginous development and change of speed make rapid replacement of the visual and printed materials necessary for training in this area. This book is prepared by surgeons who are very successful in their field

Auricular and periauricular melanomas have similar clinicopathologic factors and survival rates.

Background Auricular melanomas are rare malignancies, and conflicting reports regarding their clinical behaviors have been published so far

A comparative analysis of four different surgical methods for treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus.

Objectives: Although many surgical methods have been described for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus treatment, the best option is still controversial. We aimed to compare postoperative outcomes of these different methods in terms of advantages and disadvantages. Methods: The records of 320 patients undergone surgery for primary or recurrent pilonidal sinus between May 2013 and May 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographical data, pre operative stories, wound site infection, seroma development, wound dehiscence, time of healing, duration of return to work, and if there is any recurrence of 303 patients included in the study were recorded. Upon wide local excision, the first surgeon performed marsupialisation and the lay open technique, second surgeon performed vertical excision and primary closure, third surgeon performed Limberg flap transposition and fourth surgeon performed Karydakis' flap transposition. Results: There was no significant difference between the patients in terms of demographical characteristics. The duration of surgery was statistically significantly higher in primary closure method (p = 0.001). The mean duration of return-to-work was statistically significantly lower in primary closure method (p = 0.002). In primary closure method, the recurrence rate was found to be statistically significantly higher than the other methods (p = 0.009). Conclusion: We do not suggest the use of primary closure method in treatment of pilonidal sinus. Because of lower rates of recurrence and shorter durations of return to work, the Karydakis and Limberg methods are seen as safer methods when compared to lay-open and marsupialization method

Circulating lncRNA H19 may be a useful marker of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Novel biomarkers are needed to predict the effectiveness of the treatment of presurgical neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC)

Evaluation of Prognostic Factors and Trastuzumab-based Treatments in HER2/Neu-positive Metastatic Gastric Cancer

Objective: To determine the efficacy of trastuzumab-based treatment in patients with HER2/neu-positive metastatic gastric cancer. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey, between January 2014 and December 2020. Methodology: The clinicopathological characteristic and treatment data of patients with HER2/neu-positive metastatic gastric cancer were recorded retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare the chemotherapy regimens. Results: Sixty-three patients were included in the study. The average age was 61. Female patients accounted for 27% of the total, while male patients accounted for 73%. De novo metastatic cases accounted for 44 (69.8%) of the total number of patients. The median survival time was 13.6 (8-19.3) months. Complete response was 6.3%, partial response was 39.7%, and the stable response was 9.5% with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy. The overall survival (p= 0.45) and progression-free survival (p=0.893) were similar for different chemotherapy regimens. The grade 1-2 to grade 3-4 toxicity ratio was 79.6% and 20.6%, respectively. The patients' performance (p<0.001) and the number of metastatic sites (p=0.001) were both shown to be unfavourable predictive variables for OS in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The addition of taxane to trastuzumab-based combinations (with platinum and fluoropyrimidine) did not affect overall and progression-free survival in this research. Three or more metastatic sites and poor performance status were found as the unfavourable prognostic variables for overall survival