Investigation of diabetes prevention behaviors among teachers of different level of education based on Pender model in selected educational centers in southwestern Iran, 2019

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder groupreferred as a “silent epidemic”. Teachers’ justification attraining courses and explaining health promoting behaviorsto students can develop these behaviors to the communityand improve the health status of the general publicin the long term. Therefore, by examining the healthpromotingbehaviors in this community playing the mostimportant role in promoting knowledge, we can take stepsto enhance the level of public health in diabetic people.Methodology: This research is a retrospective cross-sectionalstudy in which 200 teachers of different levels ofeducation in southwestern of Iran participated. The PenderHealth Promotion Model Questionnaire was used to collectinformation.Results: 108 (54%) of participants were male and 92 (46%)of them were female. Their mean age was 39.95±7.25.The highest score of the questionnaire among these behaviorsbelonged to spiritual growth (24.81) and the lowestscore (13.13) belonged to interpersonal relationship.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the necessityof interventions, especially with an emphasis on physicalactivity and interpersonal relationships among teachersis necessary. Appropriate planning and application of themin eliminating the barriers, development and expansion offacilities, encouragement of people through health educationcan be the appropriate interventions in this regard

The Effectiveness of Peer Group-Based Training on the Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Transradial Coronary Angiography

Introduction. Coronary artery angiography using radial artery is one of the methods used for diagnosis of coronary artery disease, which causes physical and psychological problems in patients despite its precise and definite diagnosis. The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of peer group-based education on physical and psychological outcomes of patients undergoing coronary artery angiography through the radial artery. Methodology. The present clinical study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing coronary angiography through the radial artery in Vali-e-Asr educational hospital of Fasa during 2018 to 2019. The participants were divided into peer training and control groups (n=30 in each group) using permutated block randomization. In the peer training group, the patients received the necessary precare training through peer training during and after angiography care. In the control group, the patients received the routine care by the nurse of the related ward. The peer group’s stress, anxiety, and depression levels were evaluated before and after the training. Indeed, their comfort, tolerance, satisfaction, and pain levels were measured by a nurse after angiography at the time of entering the ward. Findings. The results indicated no significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression before the intervention (p>0.05). After the intervention, however, there was a significant difference between the two groups concerning the mean score of anxiety (p0.05). Finally, the level of pain decreased in both groups over time (p<0.001). Conclusion. Peer group-based training was effective in decreasing the mean score of anxiety in the patients undergoing coronary angiography. Thus, this method is recommended to be utilized alongside other methods to train patients before coronary angiography due to its inexpensiveness and lack of side effects as well as not increasing the nurses’ workload

Development and Testing of the Psychometric Properties of the Attitude Towards Medical Device-related Pressure Ulcers/Injuries Questionnaire

BACKGROUND: Medical device-related pressure ulcers/injuries (MDRPU/Is) are a serious concern in health care. PURPOSE: To develop and assess the psychometric testing of a questionnaire to measure nursing students' attitudes about the care and prevention of MDRPU/Is. METHODS: Based on a review of the literature, a 26-item questionnaire was developed; face validity was assessed by ten (10) nursing students. The modified Lawshe's model was used, and both the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio were calculated. Items with a CVI more than 0.63 were retained. The minimum optimal CVI for the new instrument was 79%. Qualitative assessments were performed by 10 experienced faculty members. One-hundred-andeighty seven (187) nursing students participated in the construct validity testing of the 11-item questionnaire. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test of sampling adequacy and Bartlett's test of sphericity were performed. Following analysis of the main components and the varimax rotation, the factor analysis was determined. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest were determined using Pearson's correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient to evaluate reliability. RESULTS: During the face validity phase of the initial 26 items, 7 items had impact scores less than 1.5. After calculating the CVI and content validity ratio for all items, 8 items did not achieve the desirable score. After performing exploratory factor analysis on the remaining 11 items, the Kaiser-MeyerOlkin test value was 0.789, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was 0.0001, which was statistically significant. Internal consistency of items (Cronbach's alpha of 0.77) showed that all items had a high correlation. The reliability of test-retest was significant using an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.75 and Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.86 at P < .005. CONCLUSION: In this sample of nursing students, the Attitude Towards Medical-device Related Pressure Ulcers/Injuries Questionnaire was valid and reliable. Studies including licensed clinicians are needed to confirm these results

Post Operative Voiding Efficacy after Anterior Colporrhaphy

The aim of this study was to determine the most effective and suitable time to remove the urinary catheter (Foley) after anterior and posterior colporrhaphy surgery. Patients who experience anterior Colporrhaphy operation for genuine stress incontinency or pelvic organ prolapsed will have post operative voiding dysfunction. These patients need postoperative drainage. One of the methods preferred for this purpose is to apply Foley Catheter, but there is no particular regimen available for the exact time of catheter removal in these patients. We have tried to find out the best time to remove Foley catheter after which the repeated Foley catheter is not required or minimized. One hundred and eighty nine patients who have been undergone Colporrhaphy have been selected randomly and divided into three groups&apos; as 1, 2 and 4 days of catheter removal. The number of patients in each group was 62, 63 and 64 respectively. In all three groups, before removing urinary catheter, it was clamped every 4 hrs, for 3 times. After removing of Foley, the patients were guided for urination; the voiding and residual volume was measured. In the patients with an increase of residual volume, the &amp;nbsp;repeated Foley requirement was increased. However, &amp;nbsp;5.6 % of the patients with residual volume of &amp;le; 33 percent and 23.9% of the patients with residual volume between 33 to 68 percent, and finally &amp;nbsp;64.8% of the patients with residual volume of &amp;ge; 68% had repeated Foley insertion. When considering the number of days, 85, 65 and 35.7 percent of the patients needed repeated Foley after 1, 2, and 4 days of catheter removal respectively. Interestingly, in the third group ( 4 days of the catheter removal ) with residual volume of &amp;le; 33% the repeated Foley requirement was nil, with no increase risk of urinary infection. We suggest that the best time to remove the urinary Foley catheter after anterior and posterior Colporrhaphy is the day four

Effect of modified jejunoileal bypass surgery on the colon microflora: A case study

Introduction &amp; Background: Surgery to prevent weight gain and disease is called bariatric surgery. Weight loss surgery (WLS), mainly because of the failure of non–surgical weight loss methods, is on the growth. This study aims to analyze the impact of modified jejunoileal bypass surgery on the microflora of the colon. Methods: Laboratory tests like liver function tests, blood lipids, coagulation tests, blood sugar, renal function test, CBC, Na+, and K+ were requested for all participants of this study before the operation. Fecal samples of all cases were gathered in anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. Recognition of isolated bacteria was conducted utilizing microscopical examination of stained smear, biochemical tests, and colon characteristics on different specific and selective media and specific identification tests. Results: Patients’ ages ranged from 17 to 47. Their mean age was 27.9±8.5 years, seven patients (19.4%) were male, and 29 (80.6%) were female. There was no significant difference between the count of anaerobic bacteria before and after the operation (p=0.414) except for lactobacillus (p=0.0001) and Bifidobacterium (p=0.0001). A significant difference was observed between the count of aerobic bacteria before and after the operation (p=0.005), especially for E. coli (p=0.001), klebsiella, (p=0.0001), Enterobacter (p=0.003) and proteus (p=0.0001). Conclusion: The result demonstrates that lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were the only bacteria that reduced in number while the remaining isolated bacteria showed no significant difference in number before and after operation regarding aerobic bacteria significant difference was observed between before and post-operation counts, predominantly for E. coli, klebsiella, Enterobacter, and proteus.Introducción y antecedentes: la cirugía para prevenir el aumento de peso y la enfermedad se llama cirugía bariátrica. La cirugía de pérdida de peso (WLS), particularmente debido al fracaso de los métodos no quirúrgicos de pérdida de peso, está en crecimiento. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la cirugía de derivación yeyunoileal modificada en la microflora del colon. Métodos: Se solicitaron pruebas de laboratorio como prueba de función hepática, lípidos en sangre, pruebas de coagulación, azúcar en sangre, prueba de función renal, CBC, Na+ y K+ para todos los participantes de este estudio antes de la operación. Las muestras de heces de todos los casos se recolectaron en bacterias anaerobias y aerobias. El reconocimiento de bacterias aisladas se realizó mediante el examen microscópico de frotis teñidos, pruebas bioquímicas y características del colon en diferentes medios específicos y selectivos y pruebas de identificación específicas. Resultados: La edad de los pacientes osciló entre 17 y 47 años, su edad media fue de 27,9±8,5 años, 7 pacientes (19,4%) eran del sexo masculino y 29 pacientes (80,6%) del sexo femenino. No hubo diferencia significativa entre el conteo de bacterias anaerobias antes y después de la operación (p=0,414) excepto para lactobacillus (p=0,0001) y bifidobacterium (p=0,0001). se observó una diferencia significativa entre el conteo de bacterias aerobias antes y después de la operación (p=0,005) especialmente para E. coli (p=0,001), kelebsiella, (p=0,0001), Enterobacter (p=0,003) y proteus (p= 0,0001). Conclusión: El resultado demuestra que lactobacillus y bifidobacterium fueron las únicas bacterias que se redujeron en número, mientras que las bacterias aisladas restantes no mostraron diferencias significativas en el número antes y después de la operación. Con respecto a las bacterias aeróbicas, se observó una diferencia significativa entre los recuentos antes y después de la operación, predominantemente para E. coli, kelebsiella, enterobacter y proteus

Investigation of diabetes prevention behaviors among teachers of different level of education based on Pender model in selected educational centers in southwestern Iran, 2019

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder groupreferred as a &ldquo;silent epidemic&rdquo;. Teachers&rsquo; justification attraining courses and explaining health promoting behaviorsto students can develop these behaviors to the communityand improve the health status of the general publicin the long term. Therefore, by examining the healthpromotingbehaviors in this community playing the mostimportant role in promoting knowledge, we can take stepsto enhance the level of public health in diabetic people.Methodology: This research is a retrospective cross-sectionalstudy in which 200 teachers of different levels ofeducation in southwestern of Iran participated. The PenderHealth Promotion Model Questionnaire was used to collectinformation.Results: 108 (54%) of participants were male and 92 (46%)of them were female. Their mean age was 39.95&plusmn;7.25.The highest score of the questionnaire among these behaviorsbelonged to spiritual growth (24.81) and the lowestscore (13.13) belonged to interpersonal relationship.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the necessityof interventions, especially with an emphasis on physicalactivity and interpersonal relationships among teachersis necessary. Appropriate planning and application of themin eliminating the barriers, development and expansion offacilities, encouragement of people through health educationcan be the appropriate interventions in this regard

Attitudes toward Community - based training and internship of Nursing students and professors: a qualitative study

Objective. To explore the attitudes of nursing students and professors towards community-based training and internship in Fasa, Fars, Iran.Methods. This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis approach. Data from students and professors were collected through five focal groups and data from patients was collected by using field notes. Interviews were conducted with 17 students and three professors responsible for implementing the study plan; in addition, 800 patient-related field notes were analyzed. Results. Community-based training and internship were identified as useful from the point of view of students, professors, and clients. Results were classified into two principal categories: "health preservation and promotion" and "promotion of students’ skills".Conclusion.  Attitudes toward the formation and community internship are favorable insofar as it is a highly beneficial experience for students, professors, and patients. Descriptors: attitude; focus groups; health promotion; qualitative research; students, nursing.Objetivo. Explorar as atitudes dos estudantes e professores de Enfermagem à formação e estágios comunitários em Fasa, Fars, Irão. Métodos. Estudo realizado com enfoque qualitativo fenomenológico. Os dados dos estudantes e professores foram recolhidos através de cinco grupos focais e os dados dos pacientes se recolheram utilizando notas de campo. Se entrevistaram a 17 estudantes e três professores responsáveis de implementar o plano de estudos e se analisaram 800 notas de campo relacionadas com pacientes. Resultados. A capacitação e práticas na comunidade se identificaram como úteis durante um ano desde o ponto de vista dos estudantes, professores e clientes. Os resultados se classificaram em duas categorias principais: “preservação e promoção da saúde” e “promoção das habilidades dos estudantes”. Conclusão. As atitudes à formação e o estágio na comunidade são favoráveis à ser uma experiência altamente benéfica para os estudantes, os professores e os pacientes.Objetivo. Explorar las actitudes de los estudiantes y profesores de Enfermería hacia la formación y pasantías comunitarias en Fasa, Fars, Iran. Métodos. Estudio realizado en Fasa (Irán) con enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico. Los datos de los estudiantes y profesores se recogieron a partir de cinco grupos focales, los datos de los pacientes y con notas de campo. Se entrevistaron a 17 estudiantes y a tres profesores responsables de implementar el plan de estudios y se analizaron 800 notas de campo relacionadas con pacientes. Resultados. La capacitación y prácticas en la comunidad se identificaron como útiles desde el punto de vista de los estudiantes, profesores y pacientes. Los resultados se clasificaron en dos categorías principales: “preservación y promoción de la salud” y “promoción de las habilidades de los estudiantes”. Conclusión. Las actitudes hacia formación y la pasantía en la comunidad son favorables al ser una experiencia altamente beneficiosa para los estudiantes, los profesores y los pacientes

The Effectiveness of Teaching Nursing Ethics via Scenarios and Group Discussion in Nurses’ Adherence to Ethical Codes and Patients’ Satisfaction with Nurses’ Performance

Background. There are shortcomings in nurses’ adherence to ethical principles in practice. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of teaching nursing ethics via scenario-based learning and group discussion in nurses’ adherence to codes of ethics and patients’ satisfaction with nurses’ performance. Methods. Using a quasiexperimental design, the present study employed questionnaires which measure nurses’ compliance with nursing codes of ethics and patients’ satisfaction with nursing care before, immediately after, and one month after intervention. The collected data were analyzed using the independent t-test, ANOVA, and chi-square test in SPSS v.22. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The nurses (n = 80) and patients (n = 160) from various units of two university hospitals in the south-west of Iran participated in the present study. Results. The pretest mean scores of the intervention and control groups in patient rights and patients’ satisfaction with nursing care were not significantly different (p=0.07, p=0.21). Yet, there were statistically significant differences between the groups’ mean scores as calculated immediately after (p<0.001, p<0.001) and one month after intervention (p<0.001, p<0.001). Conclusion. Employment of new approaches to teach nursing ethical principles improves compliance with nursing ethical codes and patients’ satisfaction with nurses’ performance

Effect of Acupressure on Preoperative Cesarean Section Anxiety

Anxiety is a common preoperative problem in cesarean section candidates. Nonpharmacologic anxiety control has been demonstrated to be more suitable in pregnant women. The current study was a randomized, single-blind clinical trial which evaluated the effect of acupressure on preoperative C-section anxiety. In this study, 60 patients facing surgery were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Those patients in the intervention group received simultaneous acupressure at the Yintang and HE-7 acupoints for 5 minutes before surgery, and patients in the control group received intervention at a sham acupoint. The anxiety level of patients was preoperatively assessed twice using the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The mean anxiety scores of the two groups were shown to be insignificantly different before the intervention (p = 0.859), whereas a significant difference between the mean anxiety scores of the two groups was observed after the intervention (p = 0.001), suggesting that acupressure reduced the anxiety of patients before surgery. Keywords: acupressure, anxiety, cesarean section, preoperative anxiet