A short-term hybrid forecasting model for time series electrical-load data using random forest and bidirectional long short-term memory

In the presence of the deregulated electric industry, load forecasting is more demanded than ever to ensure the execution of applications such as energy generation, pricing decisions, resource procurement, and infrastructure development. This paper presents a hybrid machine learning model for short-term load forecasting (STLF) by applying random forest and bidirectional long short-term memory to acquire the benefits of both methods. In the experimental evaluation, we used a Bangladeshi electricity consumption dataset of 36 months. The paper provides a comparative study between the proposed hybrid model and state-of-art models using performance metrics, loss analysis, and prediction plotting. Empirical results demonstrate that the hybrid model shows better performance than the standard long short-term memory and the bidirectional long short-term memory models by exhibiting more accurate forecast results

Fumarate respiration of Fasciola flukes as a potential drug target

Fascioliasis is a neglected tropical zoonotic disease caused by liver flukes belonging to the genus Fasciola. The emergence of resistance to triclabendazole, the only World Health Organization-recommended drug for this disease, highlights the need for the development of new drugs. Helminths possess an anaerobic mitochondrial respiratory chain (fumarate respiration) which is considered a potential drug target. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of fumarate respiration in Fasciola flukes. We analyzed the properties of the respiratory chain of Fasciola flukes in both adults and newly excysted juveniles (NEJs). Fasciola flukes travel and mature through the stomach, bowel, and abdominal cavity to the liver, where oxygen levels gradually decline. High fumarate reductase activity was observed in the mitochondrial fraction of adult Fasciola flukes. Furthermore, rhodoquinone-10 (RQ10 Em’= −63 mV), a low-potential electron mediator used in fumarate respiration was found to be predominant in adults. In contrast, the activity of oxygen respiration was low in adults. Rotenone, atpenin A5, and ascochlorin, typical inhibitors of mitochondrial enzymes in complexes I, II, and III, respectively, inhibit the activity of each enzyme in the adult mitochondrial fraction. These inhibitors were then used for in vitro viability tests of NEJs. Under aerobic conditions, NEJs were killed by rotenone or ascochlorin, which inhibit aerobic respiration (complex I–III), whereas atpenin A5, which inhibits complex II involved in fumarate respiration, did not affect NEJs. Moreover, ubiquinone-10 (UQ10 Em’= +110 mV), which is used in oxidative respiration, was detected in NEJs, in addition to RQ10. In contrast, under anaerobic conditions, rotenone and atpenin A5, which inhibit fumarate respiration (complex I–II), were crucial for NEJs. These findings demonstrate that NEJs have active hybrid respiration, in which they can properly use both oxygen and fumarate respiration, depending on oxygen availability. Thus, fumarate respiration is a promising drug target for Fasciola flukes, because it plays an essential role in both adults and NEJs

Synthesis of new tetracyclic aristotelia alkaloids

2333-2341A synthesis of an analogue of the rare aristotelia indole alkaloids has been reported. The monoterpene R(-)curvone 6 on nitromethylation gives the Michael addition product 6-nitromcthyl-1 ,6-dihydrocarvonc 7. The ketonic group of the Michael adduct 7 is protected th rough ketal formation by treatment with ethylene glycol. The reaction yields two isomeric products of nitromethylcarvone acetal, trans-8a and cis-8b. The reaction of compound 8a,b with grammine [3-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)indole] affords three isomeric condensation products, the nitroketals 9a,9b and 9c. The treatment of nitroketal 9a with Zn-Hg/HCl gives two products, one is the hydrolyzed product, nitroketone 1b and the other is the alkaloid 1a, the amino cyclized product, where both reduction of -NO2 to -NH2 and cyclization of amino to olefinic double bond has taken place simultaneously. The reduction of compound 9c furnishes the aminoketal 10 which on hydrolysis yields two products, one is the aminoindole cyclized product 2a and the other is the aminoketone 2b. </span