13 research outputs found
Cholesterol oxides as biomarkers of oxidative stress in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
No full textO estresse oxidativo pode desempenhar um papel importante na etiologia das complicações no diabetes mellitus. O aumento da produção de espécies oxidantes promove modificações em moléculas endógenas, incluindo o colesterol. Os óxidos de colesterol (Cox) são formados a partir da oxidação do colesterol, por processos enzimáticos e por processos mediados por radicais livres, apresentando importantes efeitos biológicos que podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento do processo aterosclerótico no diabetes. Nesse estudo determinou-se as concentrações dos Cox, em pacientes diabéticos e indivíduos intolerantes à glicose, para estabelecer se os COx são marcadores sensíveis da lipoperoxidação na intolerância à glicose e no diabetes As concentrações plasmáticas dos COx foram determinadas por GC-FID nos seguintes grupos: diabéticos tipo 1 (DM1), diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2), intolerantes à glicose (IGT) e normoglicêmicos (controles). As concentrações dos óxidos de colesterol totais foram mais elevadas nos grupos DM1 e DM2 em relação aos controles normoglicêmicos (p<0,05). As concentrações plasmáticas do 7α- hidroxicolesterol (7α-OH), 7β-hidroxicolesterol (7β-OH) e 25- hidroxicolesterol (25-OH) foram mais elevadas no grupo DM1 comparado ao grupo DM2 (p<0.05). A comparação entre os grupos controle, IGT e DM 2 indicou aumento significativo das concentrações de 7β-OH, colesterol-β- epóxido e colesterol-α-epóxido no grupo DM 2 (p<0.05). Portanto, os óxidos de colesterol podem ser considerados como um biomarcador sensível da lipoperoxidação para indicar a intensidade de modificação oxidativa dos lípides em pacientes diabéticos.Oxidative stress can play an important role in the etiology of the complications of diabetes mellitus. The increase in the production of oxidant species promotes alterations in endogenous molecules, including cholesterol. Cholesterol oxides (COx) are formed by the oxidation of cholesterol by enzymatic processes or by processes involving free radicals. They present important biological effects that can contribute to the development of the atherosclerotic process in diabetes. In this study, the concentrations of the COx in diabetic patients and individuals who are intolerant to glucose was determined in order to establish whether the Cox are sensitive markers of lipoperoxidation in glucose intolerance and diabetes. Serum concentrations of the COx were determined by GC-FID in the following groups: Type 1 diabetics (DM1), type 2 diabetics (DM2), patients intolerant to glucose (IGT) and normoglycemic subjects (controls). The concentrations of total cholesterol oxides were found to be elevated in the DM1 and DM2 groups with respect to the normoglycemic subjects (p<0.05). The serum concentrations of 7⓹- hydroxicholesterol (7α-OH), 7β-hydroxicholesterol (7&#$946;-OH) and 25-hydroxicholesterol (25-OH) were found to be increased in the DM1 group with respect to the DM2 group (p<0.05). The comparison between the control, IGT and DM2 groups indicated a significant increase in the concentrations of 7β-OH, cholesterol-β-epoxide and cholesterol-α-epoxide in the DM2 group (p<0.05). In conclusion, cholesterol oxides could serve as suitable biomarker of lipoperoxidation to indicate the intensity of lipid oxidative mofications in diabetic patients
Cholesterol oxides as biomarkers of oxidative stress in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
No full textO estresse oxidativo pode desempenhar um papel importante na etiologia das complicações no diabetes mellitus. O aumento da produção de espécies oxidantes promove modificações em moléculas endógenas, incluindo o colesterol. Os óxidos de colesterol (Cox) são formados a partir da oxidação do colesterol, por processos enzimáticos e por processos mediados por radicais livres, apresentando importantes efeitos biológicos que podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento do processo aterosclerótico no diabetes. Nesse estudo determinou-se as concentrações dos Cox, em pacientes diabéticos e indivíduos intolerantes à glicose, para estabelecer se os COx são marcadores sensíveis da lipoperoxidação na intolerância à glicose e no diabetes As concentrações plasmáticas dos COx foram determinadas por GC-FID nos seguintes grupos: diabéticos tipo 1 (DM1), diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2), intolerantes à glicose (IGT) e normoglicêmicos (controles). As concentrações dos óxidos de colesterol totais foram mais elevadas nos grupos DM1 e DM2 em relação aos controles normoglicêmicos (p<0,05). As concentrações plasmáticas do 7α- hidroxicolesterol (7α-OH), 7β-hidroxicolesterol (7β-OH) e 25- hidroxicolesterol (25-OH) foram mais elevadas no grupo DM1 comparado ao grupo DM2 (p<0.05). A comparação entre os grupos controle, IGT e DM 2 indicou aumento significativo das concentrações de 7β-OH, colesterol-β- epóxido e colesterol-α-epóxido no grupo DM 2 (p<0.05). Portanto, os óxidos de colesterol podem ser considerados como um biomarcador sensível da lipoperoxidação para indicar a intensidade de modificação oxidativa dos lípides em pacientes diabéticos.Oxidative stress can play an important role in the etiology of the complications of diabetes mellitus. The increase in the production of oxidant species promotes alterations in endogenous molecules, including cholesterol. Cholesterol oxides (COx) are formed by the oxidation of cholesterol by enzymatic processes or by processes involving free radicals. They present important biological effects that can contribute to the development of the atherosclerotic process in diabetes. In this study, the concentrations of the COx in diabetic patients and individuals who are intolerant to glucose was determined in order to establish whether the Cox are sensitive markers of lipoperoxidation in glucose intolerance and diabetes. Serum concentrations of the COx were determined by GC-FID in the following groups: Type 1 diabetics (DM1), type 2 diabetics (DM2), patients intolerant to glucose (IGT) and normoglycemic subjects (controls). The concentrations of total cholesterol oxides were found to be elevated in the DM1 and DM2 groups with respect to the normoglycemic subjects (p<0.05). The serum concentrations of 7⓹- hydroxicholesterol (7α-OH), 7β-hydroxicholesterol (7&#$946;-OH) and 25-hydroxicholesterol (25-OH) were found to be increased in the DM1 group with respect to the DM2 group (p<0.05). The comparison between the control, IGT and DM2 groups indicated a significant increase in the concentrations of 7β-OH, cholesterol-β-epoxide and cholesterol-α-epoxide in the DM2 group (p<0.05). In conclusion, cholesterol oxides could serve as suitable biomarker of lipoperoxidation to indicate the intensity of lipid oxidative mofications in diabetic patients
Modulation of activation of receptors actived by proliferators of peroxissome (PPAR) and of receptors x liver (LXR) by LNO2
No full textA atividade dos receptores ativados por proliferadores de peroxissoma (PPAR) e receptor X hepático (LXR) são regulados por ácidos graxos. Entretanto, o papel do LNO2, um produto endógeno da nitração do ácido linoléico por espécies reativas derivadas de óxido nítrico (•NO), na via de sinalização que regula a ativação destes receptores ainda não está elucidada. Assim, considerando a propriedade do LNO2 como doador de •NO, nós investigamos a participação da via de sinalização p21Ras/Raf/ERK na ativação de PPAR e LXR por LNO2. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que LNO2, na concentração de 0.01µM, foi um potente ativador de PPAR quando comparado ao ligante natural ácido linoléico, o qual apresentou ativação equivalente do PPAR na concentração de 10µM. O LNO2, contudo não teve efeito na ativação de LXR. LNO2 foi um potente ativador de p21Ras quando comparado ao ácido linoléico. A ativação de Ras ocorreu após 5 minutos de incubação com LNO2 em células parentais. Entretanto, em células transfectadas com p21RasC118S, o LNO2 não foi capaz de ativar Ras. A ativação de Ras e PPAR foi dependente da liberação de •NO a partir de LNO2, o que foi evidenciado na presença de C-PTIO, um seqüestrador de •NO. LNO2 ativou ERK, mas não demonstrou efeito relevante na ativação de p38 MAP kinase. A utilização de um inibidor específico de MEK, PD09895, inibiu a ativação de ERK induzida por LNO2, sugerindo que existe uma conexão entre ERK e a ativação de PPAR. Nós concluímos que a ativação do receptor nuclear PPAR por LNO2 é dependente de •NO e da via de sinalização p21Ras/Raf/ERK, a qual é capaz de ativar os subtipos α, &$946; e γ do PPAR, modulando, desse modo, a expressão de genes responsivos a este fator de transcrição.Fatty acids bind to and regulate the activity of peroxissome proliferator-activated (PPAR) and liver X receptors (LXR). However, the role of LNO2, an endogenous product of the nitration of linoleic acid by nitric oxide (•NO)-derived reactive species, on signalling pathways regulating these nuclear receptors is poorly understood. Thus, considering the properties of LNO2 as •NO donor, we investigated the role of p21RasMAP kinases signaling pathway in the activation of PPARs and LXR by LNO2. LNO2 at physiologically relevant concentrations (0.01 µM) activates PPAR. By contrast, linoleic acid, a natural ligand for PPAR, only activated the receptor at much higher concentrations (10µM). However, it did not affect LXR activation. LNO2 is a more potent activator of p21 Ras than linoleic acid at the same conditions. Ras activation occurred within the first 5 minutes after LNO2 addition to parental cells. However, in p21RasC118s transfected cells, were unable to detect activation of Ras. Ras and PPAR activation depends on •NO released from LNO2 as evidenced by the inhibitory effect of C-PTIO, a •NO scavenger. LNO2 activated ERK but displayed no effects relevant on p38 MAP kinase. In addition, the use of specific inhibitors to MEK, PD09895, blocked PPAR activation and ERK phosphorylation by LNO2, suggesting a connection between ERK and the activation of PPAR. We conclude that LNO2 induced THP-1 cells activating Ras by S-nitrosation and recruiting the MAP kinase ERK, a downstream element of this signalling cascade and activated PPAR (α, β and γ)
Modulation of activation of receptors actived by proliferators of peroxissome (PPAR) and of receptors x liver (LXR) by LNO2
No full textA atividade dos receptores ativados por proliferadores de peroxissoma (PPAR) e receptor X hepático (LXR) são regulados por ácidos graxos. Entretanto, o papel do LNO2, um produto endógeno da nitração do ácido linoléico por espécies reativas derivadas de óxido nítrico (•NO), na via de sinalização que regula a ativação destes receptores ainda não está elucidada. Assim, considerando a propriedade do LNO2 como doador de •NO, nós investigamos a participação da via de sinalização p21Ras/Raf/ERK na ativação de PPAR e LXR por LNO2. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que LNO2, na concentração de 0.01µM, foi um potente ativador de PPAR quando comparado ao ligante natural ácido linoléico, o qual apresentou ativação equivalente do PPAR na concentração de 10µM. O LNO2, contudo não teve efeito na ativação de LXR. LNO2 foi um potente ativador de p21Ras quando comparado ao ácido linoléico. A ativação de Ras ocorreu após 5 minutos de incubação com LNO2 em células parentais. Entretanto, em células transfectadas com p21RasC118S, o LNO2 não foi capaz de ativar Ras. A ativação de Ras e PPAR foi dependente da liberação de •NO a partir de LNO2, o que foi evidenciado na presença de C-PTIO, um seqüestrador de •NO. LNO2 ativou ERK, mas não demonstrou efeito relevante na ativação de p38 MAP kinase. A utilização de um inibidor específico de MEK, PD09895, inibiu a ativação de ERK induzida por LNO2, sugerindo que existe uma conexão entre ERK e a ativação de PPAR. Nós concluímos que a ativação do receptor nuclear PPAR por LNO2 é dependente de •NO e da via de sinalização p21Ras/Raf/ERK, a qual é capaz de ativar os subtipos α, &$946; e γ do PPAR, modulando, desse modo, a expressão de genes responsivos a este fator de transcrição.Fatty acids bind to and regulate the activity of peroxissome proliferator-activated (PPAR) and liver X receptors (LXR). However, the role of LNO2, an endogenous product of the nitration of linoleic acid by nitric oxide (•NO)-derived reactive species, on signalling pathways regulating these nuclear receptors is poorly understood. Thus, considering the properties of LNO2 as •NO donor, we investigated the role of p21RasMAP kinases signaling pathway in the activation of PPARs and LXR by LNO2. LNO2 at physiologically relevant concentrations (0.01 µM) activates PPAR. By contrast, linoleic acid, a natural ligand for PPAR, only activated the receptor at much higher concentrations (10µM). However, it did not affect LXR activation. LNO2 is a more potent activator of p21 Ras than linoleic acid at the same conditions. Ras activation occurred within the first 5 minutes after LNO2 addition to parental cells. However, in p21RasC118s transfected cells, were unable to detect activation of Ras. Ras and PPAR activation depends on •NO released from LNO2 as evidenced by the inhibitory effect of C-PTIO, a •NO scavenger. LNO2 activated ERK but displayed no effects relevant on p38 MAP kinase. In addition, the use of specific inhibitors to MEK, PD09895, blocked PPAR activation and ERK phosphorylation by LNO2, suggesting a connection between ERK and the activation of PPAR. We conclude that LNO2 induced THP-1 cells activating Ras by S-nitrosation and recruiting the MAP kinase ERK, a downstream element of this signalling cascade and activated PPAR (α, β and γ)
Regulation of p21Waf1 expression and TNF alpha(biosynthesis by glutathione modulators in PMA induced-THP1 differentiation: Involvement of JNK and ERK pathways
No full textOxidative modifications of proteins are fundamental biochemical events that regulate cellular signaling, protein expression, and function. the redox status is balanced by reductants in which GSH plays a major role. This study investigated whether or not p21Waf1 expression and TNF alpha biosynthesis in macrophage differentiation/activation were regulated by GSH modulators and whether or not the JNK and ERK pathway were involved. We observed an increase of p21Waf1 expression and TNF alpha biosynthesis in the THP1 monocyte/macrophage cell line treated with PMA. Treatment of THP1 cultures with NAC prior to adding PMA abrogates the expression of p21Waf1 mRNA and decreases the level of TNF alpha whereas GSH depletion by BSO enhances the levels of TNF alpha with minor effects on p21Waf1 expression. To assess whether or not ERK and JNK were involved in the redox mechanism of p21Waf1 and TNF alpha, we used pharmacological inhibitors for JNK and ERK. Both PD98095 and dicoumarol were capable of blocking TNF alpha production but had only a small effect on p21Waf1 expression. We next observed that activation of JNK was significantly inhibited in cells pretreated with NAC with no effect on ERK. Taken together, our findings suggest that the modulation of GSH regulate the magnitude the cell response to PMA in which JNK and ERK have a particular role in redox signaling, (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, CINTERGEN, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Coracao, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Clin Med, São Paulo, BrazilNYU, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, CINTERGEN, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Clin Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Biomarkers of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus
No full textObjectives: To evaluate biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in glucose intolerance (GI) compared to overt diabetes (DM2). Design and methods: 140 volunteers including 96 with DM2, 32 with GI and 12 controls (C) were Studied. NO metabolites, NO synthase inhibitors. thiols and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity were analyzed by chemiluminescence, capillary electrophoresis, ELISA and colorimetric assay, respectively. Results: (center dot)NO metabolites were higher in GI (NOx: P=0.03 S-nitrosothiols: p=0.001) and DM2 (p=0.006; p=0.0006) groups in relation to group C, while nitrotyrosine was higher only in the DM2 group in comparison 10 the other groups. NAGase activity was elevated in GI (p=0.003) and DM2 (p=0.0004) groups in relation to group C, as well as, ADMA (p=0.01: p=0.003) and GSSG (p=0.01 p=0.002). Conclusions: (center dot)NO metabolites. (center dot)NO synthase inhibitors. thiols and NAGase are biomarkers Suitable to indicate endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the early stages of impaired response to insulin. (c) 2008 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.CNPqFAPES
Bioactivity of nitrolinoleate: effects on adhesion molecules and CD40-CD40L system
No full textThe vascular effects of nitrolinoleate (LNO(2)), an endogenous product of linoleic acid (LA) nitration by nitric oxide-derived species and a potential nitrosating agent, were investigated on rat endothelial-leukocyte interactions. Confocal microscopy analysis demonstrated that LNO(2) was capable to deliver free radical nitric oxide ((center dot)NO) into cells, 5 min after its administration to cultured cells, with a peak of liberation at 30 min. THP-1 monocytes incubated with LNO(2) for 5 min presented nitrosation of CD40, leading to its inactivation. Other anti-inflammatory actions of LNO(2) were observed in vivo by intravital microscopy assays. LNO(2) decreased the number of adhered leukocytes in postcapillary venules of the mesentery network. In addition to this, LNO(2) reduced mRNA and protein expression of 2-integrin in circulating leukocytes, as well as VCAM-1 in endothelial cells isolated from postcapillary venules, confirming its antiadhesive effects on both cell types. Moreover, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, a nitric oxide scavenger, partially abolished the inhibitory action of LNO(2) on leukocyte-endothelium interaction, suggesting that the antiadhesion effects of LNO(2) involve a dual role in leukocyte adhesion, acting as a nitric oxide donor as well as through nitric oxide-independent mechanisms. In conclusion, LNO(2) inhibited adhesion molecules expression and promoted (center dot)NO inactivation of the CD40-CD40L system, both important processes of the inflammatory response. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)CNPq Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico/Instituto do Milenio-Redoxoma (INCT
