The foraminiferids of the Cannonball Formation (Paleocene, Danian) and their paleoenvironmental significance : Grant, Morton and Oliver counties, North Dakota

Two hundred-forty samples (of which fifty-five contained micro fossils) were collected from six measured sections in the Cannonball Formation (Paleocene, Danian) in Grant, Morton and Oliver Counties, North Dakota. Twenty-six species of benthonic foraminiferids were identified from these samples: 6 textulariines, 2 miliolines and 18 rotaliines. No planktonic foraminiferids were found. The fauna is characterized by a predominance of individuals of textulariines, especially the lituolids. Although the Cannonball Formation is characterized by an alternating sequence of sandstones and mudstones\u3e the foraminiferid fauna was restricted to the mudstone facies in the upper and upper-middle part of the formation. Two characteristic assemblages based on dominant families and genera are recognized, the lituolid (dominantly arenaceous) and nodosari.id (dominantly calcareous) assemblage. R-mode cluster analysis shows three distinct clusters of species: one corresponds to the lituolid assemblages, another corresponds to the nodosariid assemblage, and the third is composed of species that are represented only rarely in the fora miniferid fauna. The. Q-mode cluster analysis shows a high level of correlation between two lithologic units in two widely separated stratigraphic sections; other foraminiferid correlations were not possible because of the sparse occurrence of foraminiferids in other stratigraphic sections. The two assemblage, the dominance of arenaceous forms, the absence of planktonic forms and the occurrence of the mic:rofauna in the mudstone facies suggests nearshora, shallow (less than 100 m), possibly cooler, protected environments such as shallow bays behind barrier islands. The dominance of textulariines in the sediments is indicative of lower than normal marine salinity

Foraminiferids of the Cannonball Formation (Paleocene, Danian) in western North Dakota

In 1974 and 1975 about 2800 samples (of which 265 contained foram iniferids) of the Cannonball Formation were collected from 60 water test wells and two oil wells in Adams, Bowman, Burleigh, Divide, Dunn, Grant, Mercer, Morton, Oliver, Sioux, and Ward Counties in western North Dakota. Fifty species of benthonic foraminiferids and four species of planktonic foraminiferids were identified including eight textulariines, two milio lines and 44 rotaliines. Taxa reported for the first time from the Can nonball include: Reophax sp. (2 species), Am:mobaculites expansus Plummer, Spiroplectammina wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton, Quinqueloculina plummerae Cushman and Todd, Dentalina eocenica Cushman, Lenticulina alabamensis (Cushman), L. ark.ansasana (Cushman and Todd), L. turbinata (Plummer), Lingulina sp., Spirobolivina emmendorferi (Jennings), Rosalina sp., Pararotalia perclara.(Loeblich and Tappan), Fursenkoina sp., Caucasina marylandica (Nogan), Nonion graniferum (Terquem), Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss), and Anomalinoides umboniferus Schwager. A total of 93 species, including those I collected, has been reported from the Cannonball. The foraminiferid fauna occurs commonly in the mudstone lithofacies and rarely in the sandstone lithofacies in the lower to lower upper Cannon ball. Two foraminiferid assemblages are recognized from R-mode cluster analysis, the Caucasina-Bulimina and Cibicidoides-Ceratobulimina assem blages. Little lateral and vertical continuity in the assemblages suggests strong environmental control and mixing during well drilling. The presence of Globorotalia pseudobulloides and Globoconusa duabjergensis in my samples suggests that the Cannonball is Danian (earliest Paleocene). The shallow-water affinities of the foraminiferid assemblages and small size and scarcity of planktonic foraminiferids suggest deposition in water depths of 100 m or less. The dominance of textulariines, including Ammobaculites, in western Adams and eastern Bowman Counties, indicates brackish-water environments in that area. A large, shallow, protected lagoon west of a north-trending barrier island chain is envisioned as a possible complex of depositional environments for the Cannonball. Brackish-water environments are thought to have occurred on the landward side of the lagoon with normal marine environments near the seaward side of the lagoon

Galula in the Bush: A Case Study of Counterinsurgency Theory Using the Insurgent Conflicts in Postcolonial Uganda, 1981-2006

This thesis uses primary and secondary sources to analyse the applicability of David Galula’s counterinsurgency theories as described in his 1964 work Contre-insurrection: théorie et pratique to three cases from the insurgent conflicts in postcolonial Uganda from 1981 to 2006. These conflicts include the National Resistance Army (NRA) in the Luwero Triangle from 1981 to 1986, the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) insurgency in northern Uganda and southern Sudan from the group’s founding in 1987 to its formal departure from Uganda in 2006, and the West Nile Bank Front (WNBF) and United National Rescue Front (UNRF I&II) insurgencies in West Nile district between 1986 and 2002. These three cases offer examples of localised insurgent conflicts fought between national armed forces and regionally or ethnically motivated insurgent groups. This provides substantial evidence that Galula’s theories apply in contexts other than the international, expeditionary and/or colonial counterinsurgent campaigns to which his theories have previously been applied. It concludes that Galula’s theories offer both civilian and military leaders a model for counterinsurgency operations that they can readily apply. Galula’s theory stands up when scrutinised in the context of thirty years of conflict in which ethnic, regional, geographic, and religious factors affected the insurgencies, thereby showing its applicability across a wide range of potential insurgencies

Leaf application of manganese in genetically modified soybean submitted to glyphosate levels

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da aplicação de glyphosate na soja Roundup Ready® e a produtividade em diferentes doses de manganês aplicado via foliar. O experimento foi realizado na safra 2011/12 no município de Nova Maringá – MT com delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com quatro repetições. Foram utilizadas três doses de glyphosate (0,0; 0,972 e 1,620 kg i.a. ha-1) e quatro doses de manganês (0,0; 0,350; 0,700 e 1,050 kg ha-1). O glyphosate foi aplicado no estádio fenológico V2 da cultura e as doses de manganês em estádio V8. Os parâmetros analisados foram altura de planta, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, fitomassa verde, fitomassa seca, número de vagens por planta, massa de 1000 grãos e produtividade de grãos. Para altura de inserção da primeira vagem, altura de plantas, massa de 1000 grãos e produtividade de grãos a aplicação de glyphosate e manganês não ocasionaram efeitos expressivos no desenvolvimento da cultivar de soja TMG 133 RR. Os tratamentos com glyphosate e manganês e a interação deles não proporcionaram incrementos de produtividade de grãos na cultivar TMG 133 RR.The aim of this study was to evaluate glyphosate application in Roundup Ready® soybean and yield at different levels of manganese applied by foliar way. The experiment was conducted in 2011/2012 agricultural year in Nova Maringa County, Mato Grosso State, in randomized blocks experimental design, in factorial scheme 3 x 4, with four replications. Three glyphosate levels (0.0; 0.972; 1.620 kg a.i. ha-1) and four manganese levels (0.0; 0.350; 0.700 and 1.050 kg ha-1) were used. Glyphosate was applied at V2 crop growth stage and manganese levels during V8 crop growth stage. Analyzed parameters were plant height, height of first pod insertion, green mass, dry mass, number of pods per plant, mass of 1,000 grains and yield. For height of first pod insertion, plant height, mass of 1,000 grains and yield, glyphosate and manganese applications did not cause significant effects over TMG 133 RR development. Treatments with glyphosate and manganese and its interaction did not provide increased yield in TMG 133 RR genotype

ADUBAÇÃO COMPLEMENTAR COM TORTA DE FILTRO EM ALFACE AMERICANA

Devido ao aumento no consumo de alface, a busca por novas alternativas sustentáveis, que minimizem o uso de produtos químicos, principalmente de adubos minerais é crescente. Para isso é necessário o conhecimento das cultivares a serem implantadas, assim como das melhores doses de adubação. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de alface americana com ação do resíduo orgânico (torta de filtro), como fonte de suplementação à adubação em cultivo a campo aberto. O experimento foi realizado de junho a agosto de 2009, na Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT). Foram avaliadas as seguintes características agronômicas: número de folhas comerciais, massa fresca comercial, massa fresca da cabeça, diâmetro da planta, diâmetro do caule, comprimento do caule e número de folhas totais de duas cultivares de alface (Júlia e Tainá) e quatro doses de torta de filtro (0, 10, 20 e 40 t ha-1), dispostos em esquema fatorial 2x4, totalizando oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Ao final do experimento pode-se considerar viável a aplicação de torta de filtro na dose de 30 t ha-1, como alternativa de suplementação do adubo químico no cultivo de alface americana, sendo a cultivar Tainá a mais indicada para a região de Tangará da Serra - MT para cultivo a céu aberto

Excavations at the site of Vasino, Lautem District, Timor-Leste

This chapter explores the archaeology and ethnohistory of one of the distinctive fortified settlements in the eastern part of Timor-Leste. In 2009, a team from The Australian National University (ANU), together with local people, partially excavated the site of Vasino, located close to the north coast of Timor-Leste, above the modern village of Moro-Parlamento (Figure 4.1). The site had been fortified with large stone walls and the aim was to provide more data on when, how and why these fortifications were used in the region. Two related questions guided the research. First, when was the main period of fort construction initiated? Secondly, what were the prevailing environmental and social conditions of those times