Some effects of copper contaminated pig slurry on earthworms

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James bundles

We study cubical sets without degeneracies, which we call {square}-sets. These sets arise naturally in a number of settings and they have a beautiful intrinsic geometry; in particular a {square}-set C has an infinite family of associated {square}-sets Ji(C), for i = 1, 2, ..., which we call James complexes. There are mock bundle projections pi: |Ji(C)| -> |C| (which we call James bundles) defining classes in unstable cohomotopy which generalise the classical James–Hopf invariants of {Omega}(S2). The algebra of these classes mimics the algebra of the cohomotopy of {Omega}(S2) and the reduction to cohomology defines a sequence of natural characteristic classes for a {square}-set. An associated map to BO leads to a generalised cohomology theory with geometric interpretation similar to that for Mahowald orientation

Spatial dependence of gain nonlinearities in InGaAs semiconductor optical amplifier

Counter-propagating sub-picosecond pulses are used to monitor gain saturation along the waveguide of an InGaAs superlattice semiconductor optical amplifier at 1550 nm wavelength. The functional form of the spatial dependence of gain saturation is found to depend on pulse energy. These observations are interpreted by combining the optical nonlinearities associated with interband carrier dynamics and carrier heating together and their respective time constants. We show that the results are consistent with the predictions of a propagation model. Implications for all-optical switching, particularly in the limit of full saturation across the whole amplifier, are discussed. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics.</p

British investment in South America and the financial crisis of 1825 – 1826

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&#039;mat&#039;: A new media annotation tool with an interactive learning cycle for application in tertiary education

This paper provides an overview of the design process of a new online media annotation tool. This work-in-progress report will step through some design decisions as aided by reviewing learning theory and related experiences outlined in the literature; design principles from a user interface perspective; and user testing of the first design iteration. The first of a three stage development of the media annotation tool, &#039;mat&#039; (MAT), is designed for learning from video, with later stages enabling other media (audio, image, other) plus assignment building with media inserts. User testing reinforced several design decisions plus initiated some change

Applying user journey design to resolve complex design problems

The proliferation of complex problems in a world of increasing indeterminacy, not least within developing contexts, places new demands on stakeholders, educators, students, practitioners and theorists. A user, or customer, journey is a schematic representation of the path a user will take through lifecycle stages, touchpoints, channels, interaction modes, emotional states, content and functionality. User journeys have become a frequently applied tool for research and design in the practical fields of Design Thinking, Service Design, User Experience Design and Information Architecture Design. In our paper we position User Journey Design as both a tool and a rigorous selfreflective, data-driven process through information gathering, synthesis and into design, which assists the student designer in navigating the complexities of indeterminate problems. Initially the paper present a history and review of the literature, application and limitations of User Journey Design in practice today which explores related literature from Design Thinking and the nature of indeterminacy in design (Buchanan, 1992, Brown 2008, Cross 2006,) to set the context for an approach that broadens the relevance and application of User Journey Design. This paper then present two examples of student design work that demonstrate the application of user journey design in the resolution of complex problems. User Journeys provide a structured approach to synthesizing large amounts of data in self-reflective, humanistic ways, where the path through complexity can be traced back from artifact to the original problem-formation. It is in this respect that User Journey Design not only provides an approach to solving problems that emerge through complexity, but also narrows the gap between practice, research and teaching

A search for experiments to exploit the space shuttle environment, volume 1

A search for worthwhile experiments in pure and applied physics and chemistry which might take advantage of conditions achievable aboard the space shuttle is documented. Of particular interest were the very large pumping speeds at high or ultra high vacuum, the highly nonequilibrium composition of the ambient atmosphere, and the relative absence of gravitational effects. Ideas and suggestions were solicated in the course of visits to 31 research establishments in Western Europe, India, and Japan; conversations with over 90 scientists; and presentations at 3 international meetings. Intriguing possibilities emerged in the following arenas: (1) spectroscopy of the transition state in chemical reactions; (2) flame structure and analysis; (3) solid propellant combustion; (4) analysis of atmospheric composition; (5) turbulence effects on aerosol coagulation