Utilization of Virtual Server Technology in Mission Operations

Virtualization provides the opportunity to continue to do "more with less"---more computing power with fewer physical boxes, thus reducing the overall hardware footprint, power and cooling requirements, software licenses, and their associated costs. This paper explores the tremendous advantages and any disadvantages of virtualization in all of the environments associated with software and systems development to operations flow. It includes the use and benefits of the Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) specification, and identifies lessons learned concerning hardware and network configurations. Using the Huntsville Operations Support Center (HOSC) at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center as an example, we demonstrate that deploying virtualized servers as a means of managing computing resources is applicable and beneficial to many areas of application, up to and including flight operations

Additive Manufacturing of Next Generation Electrical Machine Windings - Opportunities in Fusion Engineering?

More electric propulsion across automotive and aerospace has lead to a demand for significant improvement in thepower density of electrical machines. This has, in turn, triggered research into advanced manufacturing methods for higher performance magnet systems in machines. The application of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), a form of Additive Manufacture (AM), to the current carrying coils of the electromagnetic circuit of a machine has allowed several significant improvements to the design of these parts. One benefit which can be realised in this way is the tailoring of conductor form to the operating field and the alteration of conductor topolgy to reduce AC loss. Another advantage of these manufacturing techniques is the ability to introduce methods of direct cooling to the coil, including highly efficient heat exchangers derived from generative design techniques. It is significant that the electrical conductivity achieved is now equivalent to that of conventional drawn Cu wire. This paper hypothesises that the lessons learned in developing production methods for next generation, high performance components for electric machines might also find utility in the very demanding electromagnetic circuits found in magnetic confinement fusion. Potential benefits for the production of Cable-in-Conduit Conductor (CICC) superconducting (SC) bus-bar joints, or even larger elements of conductors are discussed. This is used to motivate future experimental studies of the mechanical and electrical performance of AM Cu at cryogenic temperatures as well as the further development of the manufacturing state of the art

Operations and Maintenance of Unspared Compressor Trains and their Auxiliary Systems

TutorialThis tutorial provides general guidance on the topic of operations and maintenance of unspared compressor trains and their auxiliary systems. It is targeted towards entry level engineers working in the operations and maintenance field. The tutorial will be divided into two major sections. The first section covers ‘online’ checks and inspections including vibration monitoring, auxiliary system monitoring, regular visual inspections, online preventative maintenance, documentation maintenance, and performance monitoring. The second section covers the efforts associated with turn-around and maintenance (planned or un-planned). This includes details on maintenance intervals, preparation and planning for outages and peripheral system checks during an outage

A Historical Writing Apprenticeship for Adolescents: Integrating Disciplinary Learning With Cognitive Strategies

This study explored the extent to which an 18â day history and writing curriculum intervention, taught over the course of one year, helped culturally and academically diverse adolescents achieve important disciplinary literacy learning in history. Teachers used a cognitive apprenticeship form of instruction for the integration of historical reading and writing strategies and content learning with the goal of improving students’ historical argument writing. The intervention had positive and significant results for each writing outcome. After controlling for variables associated with students’ incoming abilities, the researchers found moderate to large effects for all participants. Relative to basic readers in the control condition, those participating in the intervention scored higher in historical writing and writing quality and wrote longer essays; these results translate into effect sizes of .45 on basic readers’ historical writing, .32 on their overall writing quality, and .60 on the length of their papers. Teachers implemented the reading and writing curriculum intervention with high levels of implementation fidelity, leading the researchers to explore additional factors that contributed to students’ success after accounting for teacher effectiveness. The results indicate further benefits dependent on the degree to which students completed the curriculum.Chineseæ ¬ç  ç©¶æ ¨å ¨æ ¢è®¨ä¸ ä¸ªå å ²ä¸ å ä½ è¯¾ç¨ å¹²é¢ æ å­¦ç æ è ½,è¯¥å¹²é¢ æ 学为æ 18天å å¸ å ¨ä¸ æ ´å­¦å¹´ç è¯¾ç¨ ä¸­è¿ è¡ ,å ¶ç ®ç æ ¯å¸®å ©æ å ä¸ å å å­¦ä¸ æ ç»©ä¸ å ç é å° å¹´å­¦ä¹ å¾ å °å å ²ç§ ä¸­é è¦ ç å­¦ç§ è¯»å æ è ½,æ è ½ç ç¡®å® æ ¯å ºäº å ¨å¤ å¤§ç¨ åº¦ä¸ è¿ å¹²é¢ æ å­¦è ½è¾¾è ³å ¶ç ®ç ã æ å¸ ä½¿ç ¨è®¤ç ¥å­¦å¾ æ¨¡å¼ ç æ å­¦æ ¹æ³ ,ä»¥æ ´å å å ²é 读å å ä½ ç­ ç ¥ä»¥å å å ²å å®¹ç ¥è¯ ç 学习,ç ®ç æ ¯æ é« å­¦ç ç å å ²ç§ è®®è®ºæ å ä½ æ è ½ã å¹²é¢ æ å­¦ä¸ºæ¯ é¡¹å ä½ å­¦ä¹ æ æ å¸¦æ ¥äº æ­£é ¢å æ ¾è ç ç» æ ã å ¨æ §å ¶äº ä¸ å­¦ç å ¨å¹²é¢ å å·²æ è ½å ç ¸å ³ç å é å ,ç  ç©¶äººå å ç °æ æ å ä¸ è é ½å¾ å °ä¸­è ³é« æ åº å ¼ã ç ¸å¯¹äº å ¨æ §å ¶ç» ä¸­ç å ºæ ¬é 读è ,å ¨å¹²é¢ ç» ä¸­ç å­¦ç ,å å ¨å å ²å ä½ å å ä½ è´¨é ä¸ ç å¾ å è¾ é« è æ ç« å å å¾ è¾ é ¿;è¿ äº ç» æ ç æ åº å ¼å å «æ ¯:å ºæ ¬é 读è ç å å ²å ä½ æ ¯.45,æ »ä½ å ä½ è´¨é æ ¯.32,æ ç« é ¿åº¦æ ¯.60ã æ å¸ å® æ ½ç é 读å å ä½ è¯¾ç¨ å¹²é¢ ,å ·æ é« åº¦ç å® æ ½ä¿ ç 度,æ ä»¥ç  ç©¶äººå å ¨æ §å ¶äº æ å¸ æ è ½å è¦ æ ¢è®¨å ¶ä» å¯¼è ´å­¦ç æ å ç å  ç´ ã æ ¬ç  ç©¶ç» æ æ ¾ç¤º,å­¦ç è¿ ä¸ æ­¥ç å¾ ç ,æ ¯å å ³äº ä» ä»¬å·²å® æ è¿ è¯¾ç¨ ç ç¨ åº¦ã SpanishEste estudio exploró hasta qué punto una intervención de 18 días en el currículo de historia y escritura, enseñado en el curso de un año, ayudó a adolescentes de diversas culturas y capacidades académicas lograr un aprendizaje importante en la disciplina de la historia. Los maestros usaron una forma de instrucción cognitiva de aprendizaje para integrar las lecturas históricas y las estrategias de escritura y el aprendizaje del contenido con la meta de mejorar la escritura de argumentos históricos de los estudiantes. La intervención tuvo resultados positivos e importantes para cada uno de los resultados de escritura. Habiendo controlado los variables asociados con las habilidades de los estudiantes al comenzar el estudio, los investigadores encontraron efectos desde moderados a importantes en todos los participantes. En relación a los lectores básicos del grupo de control, los que participaron en la intervención sacaron mejores notas en la escritura histórica y la calidad de la escritura, y escribieron ensayos más largos; estos resultados se traducen en una magnitud de efectos de .45 en la escritura histórica de lectores básicos, .32 en la calidad total de su escritura, y .60 en la extensión de sus ensayos. Los maestros implementaron la intervención curricular de lectura y escritura con altos niveles de fidelidad, llevando a los investigadores a explorar factores adicionales que contribuyeron al éxito de los estudiantes después de tomar en consideración la eficacia del maestro. Los resultados indican más posibles beneficios dependiendo del grado al cual los estudiantes completaron el currículo.Arabicتبحث ٠ذ٠ا٠دراسة إ٠٠أ٠٠د٠ساعد تدخ٠ا Ù Ù 18 ٠٠٠ا ٠٠دراسة ا٠تار٠خ ٠٠٠٠ج ا٠٠تابة Ø Ù Ø¯Ù Ø±Ù Ù Ø³Ù ØªÙ Ø¹Ù Ù Ù Ø¯Ø§Ø± س٠ة Ù Ø§Ø­Ø¯Ø©Ø Ø«Ù Ø§Ù Ù Ø§ ٠أ٠اد٠٠٠ا ا٠٠را٠٠٠٠٠٠خ٠٠٠ات ٠خت٠٠ة تح٠٠٠تع٠٠ا٠ضباط٠٠ا٠٠٠٠جا٠ا٠٠تابة ا٠تار٠خة. استخدا٠ا٠٠ع٠٠٠٠٠س٠٠ة ا٠٠عر٠ة ا٠٠٠٠٠ة ٠٠أج٠إد٠اج استرات٠ج٠ات ا٠٠راءة ٠ا٠٠تابة ا٠تار٠خ٠ة ٠٠حت٠٠ا٠ع٠٠٠٠ط٠اب ب٠د٠تحس٠٠ا٠٠تابة ا٠بر٠ا٠٠ة ٠٠ادة ا٠تار٠خ. ٠٠ا٠٠٠تدخ٠٠تائج إ٠جاب٠ة ٠٠ا٠ة ٠٠٠٠٠ا٠س ا٠٠تابة. بعد ا٠أخذ بع٠٠ا٠إعتبار ا٠٠تغ٠رات ا٠٠رتبطة ب٠درات ا٠ط٠اب Ø§Ù Ù Ø¨Ø¯Ø¦Ù Ø©Ø Ù Ø¬Ø¯ ا٠باحث٠٠تأث٠رات ٠عتد٠ة إ٠٠٠ب٠رة ٠د٠ج٠٠ع ا٠٠شار٠٠٠. با٠٠سبة ٠٠٠راء ٠٠ا٠٠ج٠٠عة Ø§Ù Ø¶Ø§Ø¨Ø·Ø©Ø Ø§Ù Ù Ø´Ø§Ø±Ù Ù Ù Ù Ù Ø§Ù ØªØ¯Ø®Ù Ø³Ø¬Ù Ù Ø§ ع٠ا٠ات أع٠٠٠٠ا٠٠تابة ا٠تار٠خ٠ة ٠ج٠دة ا٠٠تابة ٠٠تب٠ا ٠٠ا٠ات أط٠٠. ت٠ت٠ر٠ج٠٠٠ذ٠ا٠٠تائج إ٠٠تأث٠ر 0.45 ٠٠٠راء ا٠٠تابة Ø§Ù ØªØ§Ø±Ù Ø®Ù Ø©Ø 0.32 ع٠٠ج٠دة ا٠٠تابة Ø§Ù Ø¹Ø§Ù Ø©Ø Ù 0.60 ع٠٠ط٠٠أ٠را٠٠٠. طب٠ا٠٠ع٠٠٠٠٠٠ا٠ج ا٠تدخ٠٠٠٠راءة ٠٠٠٠تابة ا٠دراس٠ة ٠ع ٠ست٠٠ات عا٠٠ة ٠٠د٠ة Ø§Ù ØªÙ Ù Ù Ø°Ø Ù Ù Ø§ أبد٠با٠باحث٠٠٠است٠شا٠ا٠ع٠ا٠٠ا٠إضا٠٠ة ا٠ت٠سا٠٠ت ٠٠٠جاح ا٠ط٠اب بعد ا٠أخذ بع٠٠ا٠إعتبار ٠٠عا٠٠ة ا٠٠ع٠٠. ٠تش٠ر ا٠٠تائج إ٠٠٠ز٠د ٠٠ا٠٠٠ائد ٠ا٠ت٠تعت٠د ع٠٠ا٠٠أ٠٠د٠أت٠ا٠ط٠اب ا٠٠٠٠ج ا٠دراس٠.RussianÐ Ñ Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð²Ñ Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð»Ð¸, каким Ð¾Ð±Ñ Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð¼ в Ñ ÐµÐ·Ñ Ð»Ñ Ñ Ð°Ñ Ðµ 18â дневного â но Ñ Ð°Ñ Ñ Ñ Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ на Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¹ Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð´ÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ñ ÐµÑ ÐºÐ¸Ð¹ год â Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð°Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð° в Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ±Ð½Ñ Ð¹ план по Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¸ и Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ñ ÐºÐ¸ Ñ Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ñ Ð¾Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÐµÐ²Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ð¸ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð² в Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð¸ Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ñ ÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð³Ñ Ð°Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ð¸. Ð£Ñ Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð´ â Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐµÑ Ñ Ð²Ð°â Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ñ ÐµÐ³Ñ Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð¸ Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ñ ÐµÑ ÐºÐ¸Ñ Ñ ÐµÐºÑ Ñ Ð¾Ð², Ñ Ñ Ñ Ð°Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¸Ð¹ Ñ Ð¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ñ ÐµÐºÑ Ñ Ð° и Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ð´ÐµÑ Ð¶Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ . Ð Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ñ Ð±Ñ Ð»Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ñ Ð¸Ñ Ñ ÐºÐ°Ñ ÐµÑ Ñ Ð²Ð¾ Ð°Ñ Ð³Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ðµ на Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ñ ÐµÑ ÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ñ ÐµÐ¼Ñ . Ранное Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð°Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð¾ Ð¿Ñ Ð¸Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¾ к Ñ Ñ Ñ ÐµÑ Ñ Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¼ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ñ Ð¼ Ñ ÐµÐ·Ñ Ð»Ñ Ñ Ð°Ñ Ð°Ð¼ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ñ ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð°Ñ Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑ Ñ Ð¾Ð² Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¼Ð°. Ð£Ñ Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ðµ, Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ðµ Ñ Ð¾ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ Ñ Ñ Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ñ Ð¸ Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ на Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ в Ñ ÐºÑ Ð¿ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ , Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑ ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¹ или Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ñ Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ñ Ð¹ Ñ Ñ Ñ ÐµÐºÑ Ñ Ð²Ñ ÐµÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ»Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ . Ð£Ñ Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ Ñ ÐºÑ Ð¿ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð° Ð¿Ñ ÐµÐ²Ð·Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð³Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¿Ñ Ð² понимании Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¸ и длине и Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ðµ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ðµ: знание Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð° 45%, ÐºÐ°Ñ ÐµÑ Ñ Ð²Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¼Ð° на 33,2% и длина Ñ Ñ Ñ Ðµ на 60% Ð²Ñ Ñ Ðµ, Ñ ÐµÐ¼ Ñ Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð²ÐµÑ Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² из ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð³Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¿Ñ . Ð£Ñ Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ñ ÐµÑ Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ð¿Ñ ÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð°Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð¾ в Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ±Ð½Ñ Ð¹ план ÐºÑ Ð°Ð¹Ð½Ðµ Ñ Ñ Ð°Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ð¾, Ð·Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð² Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ð¿Ñ Ð¾Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñ â помимо Ñ Ñ Ñ ÐµÐºÑ Ð¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ð¸ Ñ Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ â Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ñ Ðµ Ñ Ð°ÐºÑ Ð¾Ñ Ñ , ÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ðµ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ Ñ Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð². Ð Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ðµ о Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð²Ð½Ñ Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ·Ñ Ð»Ñ Ñ Ð°Ñ Ð°Ñ Ð² Ð¿Ñ Ð¾Ñ ÐµÑ Ñ Ðµ Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ñ ÐµÑ Ñ Ð°Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð² Ñ Ñ ÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ плана.FrenchCette recherche étudie dans quelle mesure une intervention de 18 jours du programme d’histoire et dâ écriture, entreprise pendant une durée d’un an, aide sur le plan culturel et académique des adolescents diversifiés à permet un important apprentissage de littératie en histoire. Les enseignants ont mis en Å uvre une forme cognitive d’enseignement d’intégration de la lecture de l’histoire et de stratégies dâ écriture avec l’apprentissage du contenu afin de développer lâ écriture argumentative en histoire des élèves. Cette intervention a conduit à des résultats positifs et significatifs dans tous les types dâ écriture de l’histoire. Après contrôle des variables associées aux compétences de départ des élèves, les chercheurs ont trouvé des effets moyens ou grands chez tous les participants. Par rapport aux lecteurs de base du groupe contrôle, ceux qui ont participé à l’intervention ont obtenu de meilleurs résultats en écriture historique et qualité de lâ écriture et ils ont écrit des textes plus longs ; ces résultats traduisent des effets de la taille de .45 par rapport aux lecteurs de base en écriture historique, de .32 dans la qualité de dâ écriture en général, et de .60 dans la longueur de leurs écrits. Les enseignants ont mis en place l’intervention du programme de lectureâ écriture avec de hauts niveaux de fidélité dans la mise en place ; ce qui a conduit les chercheurs à explorer d’autres facteurs qui ont contribué à la réussite des élèves après prise en compte de l’efficacité du maître. Les résultats indiquent des progrès ultérieurs variables selon le degré auquel les élèves ont suivi le programme.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135405/1/rrq147-sup-0002-AppendixB.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135405/2/rrq147_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135405/3/rrq147-sup-0001-AppendixA.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135405/4/rrq147.pd

Steam Turbine Design, Operation, and Maintenance

Discussion Grou

Self-folding with shape memory composites

Origami-inspired manufacturing can produce complex structures and machines by folding two-dimensional composites into three-dimensional structures. This fabrication technique is potentially less expensive, faster, and easier to transport than more traditional machining methods, including 3-D printing. Self-folding enhances this method by minimizing the manual labor involved in folding, allowing for complex geometries and enabling remote or automated assembly. This paper demonstrates a novel method of self-folding hinges using shape memory polymers (SMPs), paper, and resistive circuits to achieve localized and individually addressable folding at low cost. A model for the torque exerted by these composites was developed and validated against experimental data, in order to determine design rules for selecting materials and designing hinges. Torque was shown to increase with SMP thickness, resistive circuit width, and supplied electrical current. This technique was shown to be capable of complex geometries, as well as locking assemblies with sequential folds. Its functionality and low cost make it an ideal basis for a new type of printable manufacturing based on two-dimensional fabrication techniques.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (award number CCF-1138967)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (award number EFRI-1240383

Self-folding shape memory laminates for automated fabrication

Nature regularly uses self-folding as an efficient approach to automated fabrication. In engineered systems, however, the use of self-folding has been primarily restricted to the assembly of small structures using exotic materials and/or complex infrastructures. In this paper we present three approaches to the self-folding of structures using low-cost, rapid-prototyped shape memory laminates. These structures require minimal deployment infrastructure, and are activated by light, heat, or electricity. We compare the fabrication of a fundamental structure (a cube) using each approach, and test ways to control fold angles in each case. Finally, for each self-folding approach we present a unique structure that the approach is particularly suited to fold, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award CCF-1138967)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award EFRI-1240383

Macro-nutritional balancing in a circumpolar boreal ruminant under winter conditions

Differences in botanical diet compositions among a large number of moose faecal samples collected during winter correlated with the nutritional differences identified in the same samples (Mantel-r = 0.89, p = 0.001), but the nutritional differences were significantly smaller (p  Nutritional geometry revealed that moose mixed Scots pine Pinus sylvestris and Vaccinium spp. as nutritionally complementary foods to reach a nutritional target resembling Salix spp. twigs, and selected for Salix spp. browse (Jacob's D > 0). Available protein (AP) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) were significantly correlated in observed diets but not in hypothetical diets based on food availability. The level of Acetoacetate in moose serum (i.e. ‘starvation’) was weakly negatively associated with digestibility of diets (p = 0.08) and unrelated to increasing AP:TNC and AP:NDF ratios in diets (p > 0.1). Our study is the first to demonstrate complementary feeding in free-ranging moose to attain a nutritional target that has previously been suggested in a feeding trial with captive moose. Our results add support to the hypothesis of nutritional balancing as a driver in the nutritional strategy of moose with implications for both the management of moose and food resources. </ol

Results of the JET real-time disruption predictor in the ITER-like wall campaigns

The impact of disruptions in JET became even more important with the replacement of the previous Carbon Fiber Composite (CFC) wall with a more fragile full metal ITER-like wall (ILW). The development of robust disruption mitigation systems is crucial for JET (and also for ITER). Moreover, a reliable real-time (RT) disruption predictor is a pre-requisite to any mitigation method. The Advance Predictor Of DISruptions (APODIS) has been installed in the JET Real-Time Data Network (RTDN) for the RT recognition of disruptions. The predictor operates with the new ILW but it has been trained only with discharges belonging to campaigns with the CFC wall. 7 realtime signals are used to characterize the plasma status (disruptive or non-disruptive) at regular intervals of 1 ms. After the first 3 JET ILW campaigns (991 discharges), the success rate of the predictor is 98.36% (alarms are triggered in average 426 ms before the disruptions). The false alarm and missed alarm rates are 0.92% and 1.64%

Macro-nutritional balancing in a circumpolar boreal ruminant under winter conditions

1. Differences in botanical diet compositions among a large number of moose faecal samples collected during winter correlated with the nutritional differences identified in the same samples (Mantel r = 0.89, p = 0.001), but the nutritional differences were significantly smaller (p 0).3. Available protein (AP) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) were significantly correlated in observed diets but not in hypothetical diets based on food availability.4. The level of Acetoacetate in moose serum (i.e. "starvation') was weakly negatively associated with digestibility of diets (p = 0.08) and unrelated to increasing AP:TNC and AP:NDF ratios in diets (p > 0.1).5. Our study is the first to demonstrate complementary feeding in free-ranging moose to attain a nutritional target that has previously been suggested in a feeding trial with captive moose. Our results add support to the hypothesis of nutritional balancing as a driver in the nutritional strategy of moose with implications for both the management of moose and food resources