Aspects concerning the elaboration of the questionnaires used in the marketing research

This study brings up the problems of the various questionnaires type applied in the study of market phenomena and processes and it shows the relevance of the possibilities the elaboration of the questionnaires brings in the process of achieving many category of information as well as the exigencies that should be considered when a certain type of questionnaire is selected. All these considerations should be put, of course, in the methodological and organizational general context of the planned statistical survey, in accordance with the recommendations of the theory and practice of specialty.questionnaire, marketing research, market survey

"In Vivo" Effects of Lithium Sulphate on the Turnover of Rat Tissue Nucleotides

The effects of lithium sulphate following acute administration to Wistar rats - in therapeutic and toxic doses - were investigated, using as markers the levels and turnover of brain, kidney and liver nucleotides. Adenine- and guanine-dependent nucleotides were assayed concomitantly, using a high- performance liquid chromatographic method. Following acute administration, lithium's effects on 3’,5’- cAMP levels were more significant at hepatic and cerebral level, in a dose-dependant manner. The effect on 3’,5’-cGMP had tissue specificity and was not dose-dependant. It might be possible that 3’,5’-cGMP is a better indicator of lithium toxicity than 3’,5’-cAMP

Romanian Wines Quality and Authenticity Using FT-MIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Multivariate Data Analysis

Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) combined with multivariate data analysis have been applied for the discrimination of 15 different Romanian wines (white, rosé and red wines), obtained from different origin-denominated cultivars. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using different regions of FT-MIR spectra for all wines. The general fingerprint of wines was splitted in four characteristic regions, corresponding to phenolic derivatives, carbohydrates, amino acids and organic acids, which confer the wines quality and authenticity. By qualitative and quantitative evaluation of each component category, it was possible to discriminate each wine category, from red, to rosé and white colours, to dry, half-dry and half-sweet flavours. The multivariate data analysis based on absorption peaks from FT-MIR spectra demonstrated a very good, significant clustering of samples, based on the four main components: phenolics, carbohydrates, amino acids and organic acids. Therefore, the ATR-FT-MIR analysis proved to be a very fast, cheap and efficient tool to evaluate the quality and authenticity of wines, and to discriminate each wine category, based on their colour and sweetness, as consequence of their biological (cultivar) specificity

Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of red, rosé and white wines originating from Romanian grape cultivars

The objective of this work was to study the phenolic profile and composition in relation to antioxidant activity of fifteen samples of commercial red, rosé and white wines originating from six native grape varieties and produced in important wine regions from Romania. The profile and quantification of major phenolic compounds were performed by direct injection of wines in the LC-MS system, using DAD and ESI (+) MS techniques, in parallel with the total phenolic content (TPC) measured by spectrometry and the free radical scavenging activity, against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). There were identified 38 polyphenols in wines, including 3 flavan-3-ols, 17 flavonols, 12 anthocyanins and 6 stilbenes. The red wines had significant higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, followed by rosé and white wines. The richest phenolic content and antioxidant activity was obtained for ‘Feteasca Neagra’ (Tohani) among red wines and for ‘Feteasca Regala’ (Jidvei) among white wines. TPC values were positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity in all white wines and only for the red ‘Feteasca Neagra’ assortment, while for the ‘Babeasca Neagra’ assortment negative correlations were obtained. From the 38 variables, flavan-3-ols have exerted the greatest influence on wine differentiation, based on their colour (red, rosé and white). The study also revealed significant differences between cultivars, both qualitative and quantitative, in terms of their polyphenolic composition, that could be important in the cultivar authentication of wines from these varieties

The Reaction of some Maize Hybrids, Created at ARDS TURDA, to Fusarium spp. Infection

The most important disease of maize in Romania are stalk and ear rot, which caused yield losses in average of 20%. The resistant hibrids represent one of the most efficient solution for reducing the field loses caused by Fusarium spp. on the maize (Nagy et al., 2006). Diseases caused by Fusarium spp. can affect the yield and grain quality of maize because of contamination with numerous mycotoxins produced by these fungi (Czembor et al., 2015). The purpose of this paper was to know more about the reaction of different maize hybrids to Fusarium and the evaluating the effect of ear rot on the yield ability and mycotoxins accumulation. The experiments carried out at ARDS Turda, during four years (2012-2015). The biological material was represented by 8 hybrids, from different maturity groups, tested in two infection conditions with Fusarium spp. (natural and artificial infections). The temperature and rainfalls of the four years of experiments corresponding to the vegetation of maize (april-september) are influenced favourably the pathogenesis of stalk and ear rot caused by Fusarium spp. and a good discrimination of the resistance reaction of genotypes. Fusarium ear rot has significantly affected production capacity and chemical composition of corn hybrids tested. In conditions of artificial infection with Fusarium spp. was a decrease in the content of starch, fat and increased protein content compared with artificially inoculated variants. The quantity of fumonizin B1+B2 has reached to 5630 μg/kg in conditions of artificial infection. There are negative correlations between production capacity and degree of attack of fusarium ear rot; depending on the reacting genotypes tested increasing disease causes production decrease. The response of maize hybrids to Fusarium infection is influenced by infection and climatic conditions. These factors affect production both in terms of quantity and quality and accumulation of mycotoxins

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TRANSFER PRICING

Kemajuan teknologi menyebabkan perusahaan multinasional memberlakukan penghindaran pajak sebagai hal yang lumrah. Salah satu contoh penghindaran pajaknya yaitu transfer pricing. Transfer pricing akan mengakibatkan berkurangnya penerimaan pajak negara yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan multinasional dengan menggeser kewajiban perpajakannya dari negara dengan tarif pajak tinggi ke negara dengan tarif pajak rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan pemetaan atas berbagai hasil penelitian terkait transfer pricing di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis data sekunder yang berupa artikel. Pemilihan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling sehingga data yang dijadikan sampel untuk dianalisis sebanyak 56 artikel pada tahun 2020 hingga 2022. Variabel terbanyak yang menunjukkan pengaruh positif adalah tunneling incentive. Variabel yang memiliki pengaruh negatif terbanyak terdapat pada variabel pajak. Variabel yang sama yaitu pajak tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap transfer pricing yang paling banyakKemajuan teknologi menyebabkan perusahaan multinasional memberlakukan penghindaran pajak sebagai hal yang lumrah. Salah satu contoh penghindaran pajaknya yaitu transfer pricing. Transfer pricing akan mengakibatkan berkurangnya penerimaan pajak negara yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan multinasional dengan menggeser kewajiban perpajakannya dari negara dengan tarif pajak tinggi ke negara dengan tarif pajak rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan pemetaan atas berbagai hasil penelitian terkait transfer pricing di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis data sekunder yang berupa artikel. Pemilihan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling sehingga data yang dijadikan sampel untuk dianalisis sebanyak 56 artikel pada tahun 2020 hingga 2022.Variabel terbanyak yang menunjukkan pengaruh positif adalah tunneling incentive. Variabel yang memiliki pengaruh negatif terbanyak terdapat pada variabel pajak. Variabel yang sama yaitu pajak tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap transfer pricing yang paling banyak

Las bibliotecas cubanas en el pensamiento y el accionar del Comandante Fidel Castro Ruz

Fundamento: Las bibliotecas constituyen formas auténticas de desarrollo y socialización de la cultura en la ideología y accionar de Fidel Castro Ruz, a pesar de ello no se ha profundizado en su importancia. Objetivo: Argumentar la dimensión del accionar del Comandante Fidel Castro en el papel que históricamente han jugado las bibliotecas en el desarrollo de la cultura cubana. Desarrollo: Del nivel teórico se emplearon los métodos histórico-lógicos, los análisis-síntesis, apoyados en la observación y el análisis de documentos. Conclusiones: Las ideas y las acciones del Comandante Fidel Castro Ruz impulsaron formas auténticas de desarrollo y de socialización de la cultura, la emancipación social y una concepción participativa de la promoción del libro y la lectura a través del fomento y la diversificación de las bibliotecas. Palabras clave: Bibliotecas/historia; bibliotecas/legislación & jurisprudencia; Fidel Castro Ruz; pensamiento; cultura cubana. DeCS: BIBLIOTECAS/historia; BIBLIOTECAS/legislación & jurisprudencia; PENSAMIENTO; CUBA

Juegos recreativos para favorecer la motivación de los adultos mayores del combinado deportivo 17 de noviembre (Original)

The present work was carried out in the Sport Cocktail "November 17" of the Popular Council "The Relave" of the municipality Ox Up. The fundamental objective was guided to elaborate recreational games that favor the motivation and participation of the biggest Adults, belonging to the circles of grandparents, to the activities carried out in the Sport Cocktail. One worked with a bigger sample of 118 adults, of them 110 of the feminine sex and 8 of the masculine sex, with an age average of 67años. The designed games have been of great acceptance favoring the motivation and participation from the biggest adults to the activities offered in the Sport Cocktail. This work has constituted a work tool for the professors of Community Physical Activity, facilitating its work as for the variety of offers.El presente trabajo se realizó en el Combinado Deportivo “17 de noviembre” del Consejo Popular “El Relave” del municipio Buey Arriba. El objetivo fundamental estuvo orientado a elaborar juegos recreativos que favorezcan la motivación y participación de los Adultos Mayores, pertenecientes a los círculos de abuelos, a las actividades realizadas en el Combinado Deportivo. Se trabajó con una muestra de 118 adultos mayores, de ellos 110 del sexo femenino y 8 del sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de 67años. Los juegos diseñados han sido de gran aceptación favoreciendo la motivación y participación de los adultos mayores a las actividades ofertadas en el Combinado Deportivo. Este trabajo ha constituido una herramienta de trabajo para los profesores de Actividad Física Comunitaria, facilitando su trabajo en cuanto a la variedad de ofertas

La preparación de los docentes para la dirección del aprendizaje de la producción de textos escritos

Esta investigación fue orientada a la preparación de los docentes para la dirección de aprendizajes en la producción de textos escritos para la escuela primaria de la escuela “José Martí” del municipio La Sierpe, Cuba. Fueron propuestas que integran de forma coherente el desempeño participativo de los docentes, la autoevaluación como fuente de transformación y la participación de los agentes educativos