Economics and Politics: Perspectives on the Goals and Future of Antitrust

This Article examines the roles of economics and politics in U.S. antitrust from several perspectives. It explains why the modern debate over the economic welfare standard that enforcers and courts should pursue is unsatisfying. It connects economics with politics by describing antitrust’s economic goals as the product of a mid-twentieth century political understanding about the nature of economic regulation that continues to be accepted. To protect that understanding, it explains, antitrust rules should now be implemented using a qualified consumer welfare standard. It identifies contemporary political tensions that threaten to create regulatory gridlock or even to undermine that political understanding and uses that framework to sketch several possible futures for competition policy. Notwithstanding these political tensions, the Article concludes, economics plays an indispensable role in shaping and applying modern antitrust

Buckling resistance and buckling curves of pane-like glass columns with monolithic sections of heat strengthened and tempered glass

There is some knowledge on the stability behaviour of glass panes under axial loading, i.e. of their buckling stability. However, only a few investigations have been performed so far in this direction, predominantly at cross-sections with monopanesand sporadically at cross-sections with laminated glass. Thus a research project was initiated by the German Steel Construction Association (DSTV) and the German Ministry of Economics, by which the buckling of pane-like glass columns with mono- and laminated sections was thoroughly investigated. The article focuses on the results for buckling with monolithic sections of heat strengthened and tempered glass, giving buckling curves proposed by derivations and experiments

Symmetry-Projected Nuclear-Electronic Hartree-Fock: Eliminating Rotational Energy Contamination

We present a symmetry projection technique for enforcing rotational and parity symmetries in nuclear-electronic Hartree-Fock wave functions, which treat electrons and nuclei on equal footing. The molecular Hamiltonian obeys rotational and parity-inversion symmetries, which are, however, broken by expanding in Gaussian basis sets that are fixed in space. We generate a trial wave function with the correct symmetry properties by projecting the wave function onto representations of the three-dimensional rotation group, i.e., the special orthogonal group in three dimensions SO(3). As a consequence, the wave function becomes an eigenfunction of the angular momentum operator which (i) eliminates the contamination of the ground state wave function by highly excited rotational states arising from the broken rotational symmetry, and (ii) enables the targeting of specific rotational states of the molecule. We demonstrate the efficiency of the symmetry projection technique by calculating energies of the low-lying rotational states of the H$_2$ and H$_3^+$ molecules.Comment: 37 pages, 3 table

Francos, pero excluidos de la mezquita y del cementerio: los Bellito y los Galip de la morería de Zaragoza

En: Estudios en memoria del Profesor Dr. Carlos Sáez. Homenaje, Mª del Val GONZÁLEZ DE LA PEÑA,(coord.), Universidad de Alcalá, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2007, p. 341-352Los Bellito fueron maestros de obras y artesanos reconocidos y también lo fueron los Galip algo más tarde. Su franquicia de no contribuir en los impuestos de la morería de Zaragoza, porque dependían de señorío eclesiástico, les comportó una cierta exclusión social puesto que la aljama afirmaba que quien no contribuía en las cargas no debía beneficiarse de los servicios religiosos como la mezquita o el cementerio. Esa exclusión fue causa de momentos de tensión, que se analizan.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, (HUM2004-0096) y Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informació, (SGR2005-193)Peer reviewe