17,825 research outputs found
Spectral Function of 2D Fermi Liquids
We show that the spectral function for single-particle excitations in a
two-dimensional Fermi liquid has Lorentzian shape in the low energy limit.
Landau quasi-particles have a uniquely defined spectral weight and a decay rate
which is much smaller than the quasi-particle energy. By contrast, perturbation
theory and the T-matrix approximation yield spurious deviations from Fermi
liquid behavior, which are particularly pronounced for a linearized dispersion
relation.Comment: 6 pages, LaTeX2e, 5 EPS figure
Lattice dynamics and reduced thermal conductivity of filled skutterudites
The great reduction in thermal conductivity of skutterudites upon filling the
``void'' sites with Rare Earth (RE) ions is key to their favorable
thermoelectric properties but remains to be understood. Using lattice dynamic
models based on first principles calculations, we address the most popular
microscopic mechanism, reduction via rattling ions. The model withstands
inelastic neutron scattering and specific heat measurements, and refutes
hypotheses of an anharmonic RE potential and of two distinct localized RE
vibrations of disparate frequencies. It does indicate a strong hybridization
between bare La vibrations and certain Sb-like phonon branches, suggesting
anharmonic scattering by harmonic RE motions as an important mechanism for
suppression of heat conductivity.Comment: modified version resubmitted to PRB. Results unchanged, text changed
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A novel platform for isotype-specific testing of autoantibodies.
The objective of this study was to test if a novel platform could be used for isotype-specific autoantibody testing in humans. Further, we evaluated if testing with this novel platform enables earlier detection of insulin autoantibodies in individuals that have first-degree relatives with type-1 diabetes than currently used approaches. Longitudinal serum samples from participants were collected before and after they converted to become positive for insulin autoantibodies by the current standardly used assays. Using a novel plasmonic gold chip platform, we tested these samples for IgM isotype-specific autoantibodies. Serial serum samples from individuals without diabetes were also tested as a comparison control cohort. Our results demonstrate proof-of-concept that a plasmonic gold chip can specifically detect the IgM insulin autoantibody. Five out of the six individuals that converted to being positive for insulin autoantibodies by standard testing had significant IgM autoantibodies on the plasmonic chip platform. The plasmonic chip platform detected IgM autoantibodies earlier than standard testing by up to 4 years. Our results indicate that the plasmonic gold platform can specifically detect the IgM isotype autoantibodies and suggest that combining isotype-specific testing with currently used approaches enables earlier detection of insulin autoantibodies in individuals that have first-degree relatives with type 1 diabetes
Effectively Closed Infinite-Genus Surfaces and the String Coupling
The class of effectively closed infinite-genus surfaces, defining the
completion of the domain of string perturbation theory, can be included in the
category , which is characterized by the vanishing capacity of the ideal
boundary. The cardinality of the maximal set of endpoints is shown to be
2^{\mit N}. The product of the coefficient of the genus-g superstring
amplitude in four dimensions by in the limit is an
exponential function of the genus with a base comparable in magnitude to the
unified gauge coupling. The value of the string coupling is consistent with the
characteristics of configurations which provide a dominant contribution to a
finite vacuum amplitude.Comment: TeX, 33 page
KMS, etc
A general form of the ``Wick rotation'', starting from imaginary-time Green
functions of quantum-mechanical systems in thermal equilibrium at positive
temperature, is established. Extending work of H. Araki, the role of the KMS
condition and of an associated anti-unitary symmetry operation, the ``modular
conjugation'', in constructing analytic continuations of Green functions from
real- to imaginary times, and back, is clarified.
The relationship between the KMS condition for the vacuum with respect to
Lorentz boosts, on one hand, and the spin-statistics connection and the PCT
theorem, on the other hand, in local, relativistic quantum field theory is
recalled.
General results on the reconstruction of local quantum theories in various
non-trivial gravitational backgrounds from ``Euclidian amplitudes'' are
presented. In particular, a general form of the KMS condition is proposed and
applied, e.g., to the Unruh- and the Hawking effects.
This paper is dedicated to Huzihiro Araki on the occasion of his seventieth
birthday, with admiration, affection and best wishes.Comment: 56 pages, submitted to J. Math. Phy
Axial and pseudoscalar current correlators and their couplings to eta and etaprime mesons
Correlators of singlet and octet axial currents, as well as anomaly and
pseudoscalar densities have been studied using QCD sum rules. Several of these
sum rules are used to determine the couplings f^8_eta, f^0_eta, f^8_etaprime
and f^0_etaprime. We find mutually consistent values which are also in
agreement with phenomenological values obtained from data on various decay and
production rates. While most of the sum rules studied by us are independent of
the contributions of direct instantons and screening correction, the
singlet-singlet current correlator and the anomaly-anomaly correlator improve
by their inclusion.Comment: 31 pages, 11 figure
Rectification in one--dimensional electronic systems
Asymmetric current--voltage () curves, known as the diode or
rectification effect, in one--dimensional electronic conductors can have their
origin from scattering off a single asymmetric impurity in the system. We
investigate this effect in the framework of the Tomonaga--Luttinger model for
electrons with spin. We show that electron interactions strongly enhance the
diode effect and lead to a pronounced current rectification even if the
impurity potential is weak. For strongly interacting electrons and not too
small voltages, the rectification current, , measuring
the asymmetry in the current--voltage curve, has a power--law dependence on the
voltage with a negative exponent, , leading to a bump in the
current--voltage curve.Comment: 9 pages; 3 figure
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