The unstinted effort of social comparison : biases in the retrieval of behavior among depressives and nondepressives

The egocentric bias, peoples\u27 tendency to view themselves as better than others, has been found to exist in many different domains (Messick, Bloom, Boldizar, & Samuelson, 1985). Fejfar, Proudfoot, Allison, and Beggan (1994) uncovered evidence supporting two components to the bias: the motivation to be egocentric and the construction of strategies to fulfill this motivation. In the present research, this model was used to determine the biases inherent in depressive (as opposed to nondepressive) cognitions by having subjects list good and bad behaviors performed by themselves and others. Subjects directly or indirectly compared themselves to others (to test the motivation component) and listed behaviors under high or low cognitive load (to test the construction component). The egocentric bias and motivation effects were replicated. Possible explanations for the nonsignificant cognitive load and depression effects, as well as revisions in methodology for future research involving depression, are discussed

The unstinted effort of social comparison : biases in the retrieval of behavior among depressives and nondepressives

The egocentric bias, peoples\u27 tendency to view themselves as better than others, has been found to exist in many different domains (Messick, Bloom, Boldizar, & Samuelson, 1985). Fejfar, Proudfoot, Allison, and Beggan (1994) uncovered evidence supporting two components to the bias: the motivation to be egocentric and the construction of strategies to fulfill this motivation. In the present research, this model was used to determine the biases inherent in depressive (as opposed to nondepressive) cognitions by having subjects list good and bad behaviors performed by themselves and others. Subjects directly or indirectly compared themselves to others (to test the motivation component) and listed behaviors under high or low cognitive load (to test the construction component). The egocentric bias and motivation effects were replicated. Possible explanations for the nonsignificant cognitive load and depression effects, as well as revisions in methodology for future research involving depression, are discussed

Identification of Managerial Competencies in Knowledge-based Organizations

Managerial competencies identification and development are important tools of human resources management that is aimed at achieving strategic organizational goals. Due to current dynamic development and changes, more and more attention is being paid to the personality of managers and their competencies, since they are viewed as important sources of achieving a competitive advantage. The objective of this article is to identify managerial competencies in the process of filling vacant working positions in knowledge-based organizations in the Czech Republic. The objective was determined with reference to the Czech Science Foundation GACR research project which focuses on the identification of managerial competencies in knowledge-based organizations in the Czech Republic. This identification within the frame of the research project is primarily designed and subsequently realised on the basis of content analysis of media communications such as advertisements - a means through which knowledge- based organizations search for suitable candidates for vacant managerial positions. The first part of the article deals with theoretical approaches to knowledge-based organizations and issues on competencies. The second part evaluates the outcomes of the survey carried out, and also summarizes the basic steps of the application of competencies. The final part summarizes the benefits and difficulties of applying the competency-based approach as a tool of efficient management of organizations for the purpose of achieving a competitive advantage

Policing the Global Economy: The Threat to Private Enterprise

International organizations are becoming increasingly involved in the regulation of private enterprise. Advocates of this type of regulation seem to have overlooked the shortcomings of existing regulation of business. Ultimately, it is the consumer who bears the burden that government imposes on business.https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/mlw_papers/1060/thumbnail.jp