58 research outputs found
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Observations on typing from 136 million keystrokes
We report on typing behaviour and performance of 168,000
volunteers in an online study. The large dataset allows detailed
statistical analyses of keystroking patterns, linking them
to typing performance. Besides reporting distributions and
confirming some earlier findings, we report two new findings.
First, letter pairs typed by different hands or fingers are more
predictive of typing speed than, for example, letter repetitions.
Second, rollover-typing, wherein the next key is pressed before
the previous one is released, is surprisingly prevalent. Notwithstanding
considerable variation in typing patterns, unsupervised
clustering using normalised inter-key intervals reveals
that most users can be divided into eight groups of typists that
differ in performance, accuracy, hand and finger usage, and
rollover. The code and dataset are released for scientific use
How do people type on mobile devices? Observations from a study with 37,000 volunteers
© 2019 Association for Computing Machinery. This paper presents a large-scale dataset on mobile text entry collected via a web-based transcription task performed by 37,370 volunteers. The average typing speed was 36.2 WPM with 2.3% uncorrected errors. The scale of the data enables powerful statistical analyses on the correlation between typing performance and various factors, such as demographics, finger usage, and use of intelligent text entry techniques. We report effects of age and finger usage on performance that correspond to previous studies. We also find evidence of relationships between performance and use of intelligent text entry techniques: auto-correct usage correlates positively with entry rates, whereas word prediction usage has a negative correlation. To aid further work on modeling, machine learning and design improvements in mobile text entry, we make the code and dataset openly available
Lawson criterion for ignition exceeded in an inertial fusion experiment
For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37Â MJ of fusion for 1.92Â MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion
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