Impfquoten von Kinderschutzimpfungen in Deutschland – aktuelle Ergebnisse aus der RKI-Impfsurveillance

Das RKI analysiert und publiziert auf jährlicher Basis Impfquoten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung von Daten aus den Schuleingangsuntersuchungen und Abrechnungsdaten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen. Die aktuellen Analysen weisen auf die bereits in den Vorjahren aufgezeigten Defizite hin, die bei fast allen Impfungen bestehen: Kinder in Deutschland werden oftmals zu spät und zu wenig geimpft und dadurch unnötig lange einer Infektionsgefahr ausgesetzt.Peer Reviewe

Impfquoten von Kinderschutzimpfungen in Deutschland – aktuelle Ergebnisse aus der RKI-Impfsurveillance

Das RKI analysiert und publiziert auf jährlicher Basis Impfquoten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung von Daten aus den Schuleingangsuntersuchungen und Abrechnungsdaten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen. Die Analysen weisen darauf hin, dass die COVID-19-Pandemie in den Jahren 2020 und 2021 keinen negativen Effekt auf die bundesweite Inanspruchnahme der Routineimpfungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen hatte. Dafür hat sich das Masernschutzgesetz nach seinem Inkrafttreten im Jahr 2020 positiv auf die Inanspruchnahme der Masernimpfung bei Kleinkindern ausgewirkt. Trotz dieser positiven Entwicklungen bestehen weiterhin die bereits in den Vorjahren aufgezeigten Defizite bei fast allen Impfungen: Kinder in Deutschland werden oftmals zu spät oder nicht vollständig geimpft. Dadurch werden bei keiner Impfung national bzw. international gesetzte Impfquotenziele erreicht.Peer Reviewe

Impfquoten von Kinderschutzimpfungen in Deutschland – aktuelle Ergebnisse aus der RKI-Impfsurveillance

Das RKI analysiert und publiziert auf jährlicher Basis Impfquoten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung von Daten aus den Schuleingangsuntersuchungen und Abrechnungsdaten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen. Die aktuellen Analysen weisen auf die bereits in den Vorjahren aufgezeigten Defizite hin, die bei fast allen Impfungen bestehen: Kinder in Deutschland werden oftmals zu spät und zu wenig geimpft und dadurch unnötig lange einer Infektionsgefahr ausgesetzt.Peer Reviewe

Impfquoten bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland – Aktuelles aus der KV-Impfsurveillance

Das RKI berichtet jährlich über aktuelle Impfquoten bei Erwachsenen, basierend auf Auswertungen von Abrechnungsdaten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen in der RKI-Impfsurveillance. Die präsentierten Ergebnisse bieten ein räumlich und zeitlich umfassendes und aktuelles Bild der Inanspruchnahme der von der STIKO empfohlenen Routineimpfungen im Erwachsenenalter. Diese beinhalten die Impfungen gegen Influenza, Pneumokokken, Herpes zoster, Diphtherie, Tetanus, Pertussis und Masern sowie die in ausgewiesenen Risikogebieten empfohlene Impfung gegen FSME. Es wird unterschieden zwischen Standardimpfungen, die allen Menschen in der jeweiligen Altersgruppe angeboten werden sollen, und Indikationsimpfungen, die aufgrund eines individuell erhöhten Risikos empfohlen sind. Auch wenn die COVID-19-Pandemie offenbar keinen negativen Einfluss auf die Impfinanspruchnahme von Routineimpfungen unter Erwachsenen hatte, erscheint die Nutzung von Impfstoffen im Erwachsenenalter jedoch insgesamt weiterhin verbesserungswürdig.Peer Reviewe

Antimicrobial Resistance and the Spectrum of Pathogens in Dental and Oral-Maxillofacial Infections in Hospitals and Dental Practices in Germany

Data on microbiological profiles in odontogenic infections are scarce. This study aimed to analyze the spectrum of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates from dental and oral-maxillofacial clinical settings in Germany. We analyzed 20,645 clinical isolates (dental practices: n = 5,733; hospitals: n = 14,912) from patients with odontogenic infections using data (2012–2019) from the German Antimicrobial-Resistance-Surveillance (ARS) system. A total of 224 different species from 73 genera were found in clinical isolates from dental practices, and 329 different species from 97 genera were identified in isolates from hospital patients. In both hospitals and dental practices Streptococcus spp. (33 and 36%, respectively) and Staphylococcus spp. (21 and 12%, respectively) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. In Streptococcus spp. isolates from hospitals, penicillin and aminopenicillin resistance proportions were 8.0% (95%CI 4.7–14.9%) and 6.9% (95%CI 4.7–9.9%), respectively. Substantially lower resistance proportions of penicillin and aminopenicillin were observed in dental practices [2.6% (95%CI 1.4–4.7%) and 2.1% (95%CI 1.1–4.0%), respectively]. Among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospital patients methicillin resistance proportions were 12.0% (95%CI 9.7–14.8%), which was higher than in isolates from dental practices (5.8% (95%CI 4.1–8.1%)]. High clindamycin and macrolide resistance proportions (>17%) were observed in Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus isolates. In Klebsiella spp. isolates carbapenem resistance proportions were <1%. In sum, substantial antibiotic resistance was observed in isolates from odontogenic infections, which calls for strengthened efforts in antibiotic stewardship and infection prevention and control measures in both hospitals and dental practices.Peer Reviewe

Cluster analysis of resistance combinations in Escherichia coli from different human and animal populations in Germany 2014-2017

Recent findings on Antibiotic Resistance (AR) have brought renewed attention to the comparison of data on AR from human and animal sectors. This is however a major challenge since the data is not harmonized. This study performs a comparative analysis of data on resistance combinations in Escherichia coli (E. coli) from different routine surveillance and monitoring systems for human and different animal populations in Germany. Data on E. coli isolates were collected between 2014 and 2017 from human clinical isolates, non-clinical animal isolates from food-producing animals and food, and clinical animal isolates from food-producing and companion animals from national routine surveillance and monitoring for AR in Germany. Sixteen possible resistance combinations to four antibiotics—ampicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin–for these populations were used for hierarchical clustering (Euclidian and average distance). All analyses were performed with the software R 3.5.1 (Rstudio 1.1.442). Data of 333,496 E. coli isolates and forty-one different human and animal populations were included in the cluster analysis. Three main clusters were detected. Within these three clusters, all human populations (intensive care unit (ICU), general ward and outpatient care) showed similar relative frequencies of the resistance combinations and clustered together. They demonstrated similarities with clinical isolates from different animal populations and most isolates from pigs from both non-clinical and clinical isolates. Isolates from healthy poultry demonstrated similarities in relative frequencies of resistance combinations and clustered together. However, they clustered separately from the human isolates. All isolates from different animal populations with low relative frequencies of resistance combinations clustered together. They also clustered separately from the human populations. Cluster analysis has been able to demonstrate the linkage among human isolates and isolates from various animal populations based on the resistance combinations. Further analyses based on these findings might support a better one-health approach for AR in Germany.Peer Reviewe

Anisotropic superconductivity and quantum oscillations in the layered dichalcogenide TaSnS2

TaSnS2 single crystal and polycrystalline samples are investigated in detail by magnetization, electrical resistivity, and specific heat as well as Raman spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Studies are focused on the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the superconducting state. We determine the critical fields for both directions B∥c and B⊥c. Additionally, we investigate the dependence of the resistivity, the critical temperature, and the structure through Raman spectroscopy under high pressure up to 10 GPa. At a pressure of ≈3GPa the superconductivity is suppressed below our minimum temperature. The Sn NMR powder spectrum shows a single line which is expected for the TaSnS2 phase and confirms the high sample quality. Pronounced de Haas-van Alphen oscillations in the ac susceptibility of polycrystalline sample reveal two pairs of frequencies indicating coexisting small and large Fermi surfaces. The effective mass of the smaller Fermi surface is ≈0.5me. We compare these results with the band structures from DFT calculations. Our findings on TaSnS2 are discussed in terms of a quasi-two-dimensional BCS superconductivity

Decline in the proportion of methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from non-invasive samples and in outpatient settings, and changes in the co-resistance profiles: an analysis of data collected within the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network, Germany 2010 to 2015

Background: Recent analysis of trends of non-invasive infections with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), of trends of MRSA infections in outpatient settings and of co-resistance profiles of MRSA isolates are scarce or lacking in Germany. Methods: We analysed data from the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (ARS). We included in the analysis the first isolate of S. aureus per patient and year, which had a valid test result for oxacillin resistance and which was not a screening sample. We limited the analysis to isolates from facilities, which contributed to ARS for all six years between 2010 and 2015. We compared the proportion of methicillin resistance among S. aureus isolates by calendar year using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. We corrected for multiple testing using the Bonferroni correction. We stratified the analysis by sample type including various non-invasive sample types and by type of care (e.g. hospital versus outpatient clinic). We also analysed the non-susceptibility of MRSA to selected antibiotics. Results: The analysis included 148,561 S. aureus isolates. The distribution of these isolates by sex, age, region, sample type, clinical speciality and type of care remained relatively stable over the six years analysed. The proportion of MRSA among S. aureus isolates decreased continuously from 16% in 2010 to 10% in 2015. This decrease was seen for all types of care and for the majority of sample types, including the outpatient clinic (12 to 8%), as well as blood culture (19 to 9%), urine samples (25 to 15%), swabs (14 to 9%), respiratory samples (22 to 11%) and lesions (15 to 10%). The non-susceptibility of MRSA isolates to tobramycin (47 to 32%), ciprofloxacin (95 to 89%), moxifloxacin (94 to 84%), clindamycin (80 to 71%) and erythromycin (81 to 72%) declined markedly, but it increased for tetracyclines (6 to 9%) and gentamicin (3 to 6%). Non-susceptibility of MRSA to linezolid, teicoplanin, tigecycline and vancomycin remained rare. Conclusion: This analysis indicates that the incidence of MRSA infections declined in a variety of settings in Germany between 2010 and 2015 and that the co-resistance profiles of MRSA isolates changed markedly

Varicella vaccination coverage of children under two years of age in Germany

Background: Since July 2004, routine varicella vaccination is recommended by the German Standing Vaccination Committee in Germany. Health Insurance Funds started to cover vaccination costs at different time points between 2004 and 2006 in the Federal States. Nationwide representative data on vaccination coverage against varicella of children under two years of age are not available. We aimed to determine varicella vaccination coverage in statutory health insured children under two years of age in twelve German Federal States using data from associations of statutory health insurance physicians (ASHIPs), in order to investigate the acceptance of the recommended routine varicella vaccination programme. Methods: We analysed data on varicella vaccination from 13 of 17 ASHIPs of the years 2004 to 2007. The study population consisted of all statutory health insured children under two years of age born in 2004 (cohort 2004) or 2005 (cohort 2005) in one of the studied regions. Vaccination coverage was determined by the number of children vaccinated under 2 years of age within the study population. Results: Varicella vaccination coverage of children under two years of age with either one dose of the monovalent varicella vaccine or two doses of the measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine increased from 34% (cohort 2004) to 51% (cohort 2005) in the studied regions (p < 0.001). More than half of the vaccinated children of cohort 2004 and two third of cohort 2005 were immunised at the recommended age 11 to 14 months. The level of vaccination coverage of cohort 2004 was significantly associated with the delay in introduction of cost coverage since the recommendation of varicella vaccination (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study shows increasing varicella vaccination coverage of young children, indicating a growing acceptance of the routine varicella vaccination programme by the parents and physicians. We recommend further monitoring of vaccination coverage using data from ASHIPs to investigate acceptance of the routine vaccination programmes over time

Effectiveness of the AS03-Adjuvanted Vaccine against Pandemic Influenza Virus A/(H1N1) 2009 – A Comparison of Two Methods; Germany, 2009/10

During the autumn wave of the pandemic influenza virus A/(H1N1) 2009 (pIV) the German population was offered an AS03-adjuvanted vaccine. The authors compared results of two methods calculating the effectiveness of the vaccine (VE). The test-negative case-control method used data from virologic surveillance including influenza-positive and negative patients. An innovative case-series methodology explored data from all nationally reported laboratory-confirmed influenza cases. The proportion of reported cases occurring in vaccinees during an assumed unprotected phase after vaccination was compared with that occurring in vaccinees during their assumed protected phase. The test-negative case-control method included 1,749 pIV cases and 2,087 influenza test-negative individuals of whom 6 (0.3%) and 36 (1.7%), respectively, were vaccinated. The case series method included data from 73,280 cases. VE in the two methods was 79% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 35–93%; P = 0.007) and 87% (95% CI = 78–92%; P<0.001) for individuals less than 14 years of age and 70% (95% CI = −45%–94%, P = 0.13) and 74% (95% CI = 64–82%; P<0.001) for individuals above the age of 14. Both methods yielded similar VE in both age groups; and VE for the younger age group seemed to be higher