83 research outputs found
Introduction to Protein Structure Prediction
This chapter gives a graceful introduction to problem of protein three-
dimensional structure prediction, and focuses on how to make structural sense
out of a single input sequence with unknown structure, the 'query' or 'target'
sequence. We give an overview of the different classes of modelling techniques,
notably template-based and template free. We also discuss the way in which
structural predictions are validated within the global com- munity, and
elaborate on the extent to which predicted structures may be trusted and used
in practice. Finally we discuss whether the concept of a sin- gle fold
pertaining to a protein structure is sustainable given recent insights. In
short, we conclude that the general protein three-dimensional structure
prediction problem remains unsolved, especially if we desire quantitative
predictions. However, if a homologous structural template is available in the
PDB model or reasonable to high accuracy may be generated
Preface to Introduction to Structural Bioinformatics
While many good textbooks are available on Protein Structure, Molecular
Simulations, Thermodynamics and Bioinformatics methods in general, there is no
good introductory level book for the field of Structural Bioinformatics. This
book aims to give an introduction into Structural Bioinformatics, which is
where the previous topics meet to explore three dimensional protein structures
through computational analysis. We provide an overview of existing
computational techniques, to validate, simulate, predict and analyse protein
structures. More importantly, it will aim to provide practical knowledge about
how and when to use such techniques. We will consider proteins from three major
vantage points: Protein structure quantification, Protein structure prediction,
and Protein simulation & dynamics
Power in organizational life:An investigation of how stable and unstable power affect important organizational and leadership outcomes
Power is a fundamental feature of organizational life. Considering the important role of power in organizations, it seems crucial to understand how power affects its beholders. This dissertation examines power in an organizational context, and by doing so, contributes to the understanding of power in meaningful ways. First, this dissertation moves towards a more dynamic view of power by illustrating that the (in)stability of power hierarchies should be considered in order to fully understand the consequences of power in organizations. Second, this dissertation moves towards a more nuanced view of power and unethical behavior by showing that power is not always a corrupting force. Overall, this dissertation aims to shine more light on one of the most fundamental constructs in organizations: power
Strategies for protein structure model generation
This chapter deals with approaches for protein three-dimensional structure
prediction, starting out from a single input sequence with unknown struc- ture,
the 'query' or 'target' sequence. Both template based and template free
modelling techniques are treated, and how resulting structural models may be
selected and refined. We give a concrete flowchart for how to de- cide which
modelling strategy is best suited in particular circumstances, and which steps
need to be taken in each strategy. Notably, the ability to locate a suitable
structural template by homology or fold recognition is crucial; without this
models will be of low quality at best. With a template avail- able, the quality
of the query-template alignment crucially determines the model quality. We also
discuss how other, courser, experimental data may be incorporated in the
modelling process to alleviate the problem of missing template structures.
Finally, we discuss measures to predict the quality of models generated
Managerial stereotypes over time:the rise of feminine leadership
PurposeA key obstacle to women’s advancement to managerial roles and leadership positions is the stereotype of the “good” manager, which is characterized by masculine traits. Although this gendered managerial stereotype has been very persistent over the past decades, Powell et al. (2021) recently showed that business students in the USA reported a decreased preference for masculine leadership traits and an increased preference for feminine leadership traits, resulting in a so-called “androgynous” manager profile that contains both masculine and feminine characteristics. This study aims to replicate Powell et al.’s (2021) findings among an older sample of working adults in The Netherlands.Design/methodology/approachThe present study tests for changes in the managerial stereotype in a sample of 5,542 Dutch employees across 2005, 2010 and 2020.FindingsIn line with Powell et al. (2021), the results confirm employees’ decreased preference for masculine and increased preference for feminine leadership traits in 2020 compared to 2005. Nevertheless, Dutch employees still favored masculine over feminine leadership traits in 2020, contrary to the findings by Powell et al. (2021).Practical implicationsThese observed changes in the managerial stereotype could prove to be an important step forward for women’s advancement to management and leadership positions.Originality/valueWith the present study, the authors demonstrate cross-cultural generalizability and conclude that the stereotype of a “good manager” is not only changing among US business students but also among working adults in The Netherlands. Overall, this study strengthens the observation that the stereotype of a “good manager” is becoming less gendered
Antecedents of leaders' power sharing:The roles of power instability and distrust
Although previous research has identified various beneficial consequences of power sharing, less research has examined antecedents of leaders’ power sharing. To address this gap, across five studies, the present research identifies important social and psychological barriers to leaders’ power sharing. Studies 1a, 1b, and 2 demonstrate that the instability of a leader’s power position undermines his or her power sharing. Study 3 then demonstrates that distrust acts as a key psychological mechanism that can explain this relationship. Then, in Study 4, we distinguish between two dimensions of distrust and examine the moderating role of subordinates’ seniority. We show that subordinates’ seniority moderates the indirect association between power instability and power sharing, via benevolence and ability distrust, such that this indirect relationship is more pronounced for relatively senior (compared to junior) subordinates. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into when, why, and with whom leaders are more or less willing to share their power
Rival or comrade? A systematic review and conceptual framework of when and why the powerful act prosocially or antisocially towards each other
We present a systematic review of the literature on power and its interpersonal consequences. Our review, comprising 339 studies published in 145 research articles, shows that this line of research has primarily examined how powerholders attend to and act towards powerless individuals, or others in general. We therefore know surprisingly little about how powerholders attend to and act towards other powerholders. To address this issue, we present a conceptual framework that outlines how an actor's power interacts with a target's power to influence prosocial and antisocial beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. We identify two routes in the literature detailing how powerholders respond to one another. First, building on rivalry literature, we present a competitive route suggesting that powerholders rival each other and engage in conflict. Second, building on social identity and social dominance literature, we present a harmonious route suggesting that powerful peers will show compassion and care for each other. Finally, we bring forth suggestions for how future research could test these two perspectives, by presenting moderators that determine when each of these two routes is activated. In doing so, we offer important implications for the power literature and open a new line of inquiry for future research
Data Resources for Structural Bioinformatics
While many good textbooks are available on Protein Structure, Molecular
Simulations, Thermodynamics and Bioinformatics methods in general, there is no
good introductory level book for the field of Structural Bioinformatics. This
book aims to give an introduction into Structural Bioinformatics, which is
where the previous topics meet to explore three dimensional protein structures
through computational analysis. We provide an overview of existing
computational techniques, to validate, simulate, predict and analyse protein
structures. More importantly, it will aim to provide practical knowledge about
how and when to use such techniques. We will consider proteins from three major
vantage points: Protein structure quantification, Protein structure prediction,
and Protein simulation & dynamics.
Structural bioinformatics involves a variety of computational methods, all of
which require input data. Typical inputs include protein structures and
sequences, which are usually retrieved from a public or private database. This
chapter introduces several key resources that make such data available, as well
as a handful of tools that derive additional information from experimentally
determined or computationally predicted protein structures and sequences.Comment: editorial responsability: Sanne Abeln, K. Anton Feenstra, Halima
Mouhib. This chapter is part of the book "Introduction to Protein Structural
Bioinformatics". The Preface arXiv:1801.09442 contains links to all the
(published) chapters. The update adds available arxiv hyperlinks for the
chapter
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