9 research outputs found
THE UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE MILK YIELD OF DIFFERENT LINES OF BREED
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π΄ΡΡΠ³Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΊΠ°, Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ β ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈ, Π° Π½Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΆΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΡΠ°. Π‘Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ² Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π±ΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°, Π° Π½Π°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΆΡΠΈΠΌ β Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΊΠ°. Π§Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉ, Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π·Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ
27,08β42,18, Π½Π° Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ β Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ
6,96β12,03, Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ β Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ
31,21β44,31, Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π° 9,53 %.
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ, Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΊΠ°, Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ β ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈΒ ΠΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΡΠ°. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Β ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅Π² Π±ΡΠ»Β Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΒ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌΒ βΒ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
Β ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ, Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
27,08β42,18, Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Β βΒ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
6,96β12,03, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°Β βΒ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
31,21β44,31, Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Β ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π°Β 9,53Β %.There was studied the milk productivity of different lines'cows of Ukrainian Black-and-white dairy breeds. It was found out that Starbuck cows had the highest yields and the number of milk fat after the first, second and best lactation line, Annas Adem cows had the highest indices after the third one and the the Astronaut line cows had the lowest indices. The Athlete line cows achieved the highest yield, and Starbuckthe line cows had lowest. The proportion of cows' impact on their yield depended on lactation, was within 27,08β42,18, the fat content in milk β within 6,96β12,03, the number of milk fat β within 31,21β44,31 and the average age of achieving the highest yields β 9,53%.
 
ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ
The data on the duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of Ukrainian Black-Spotted breeds of dairy cows and their influence on these indices of the index of origin are given. The research was conducted at the Ltd Β«Milk RiversΒ» in the Sokalj district, Lviv region. Retrospective analysis of productive longevity of cows was carried out on materials of zootechnical records. The index of the origin of cows was defined as the average value for the best lactation of their female ancestors (mothers, mothers of mothers and parents' mothers). It was established that cows with different index of origin differed in duration and efficiency of life-long use. The longest life expectancy, productive use and lactation, the highest life expectancy, the lifetime of milk fat, the greater number of lactation per life and the coefficient of economic use were animals with an index of origin of up to 4500 kg of milk, and the average lifetime fat in milk- individuals who have these indices were in the range 5500β6000 kg of milk. Better for milk yield for one day of life, productive use and lactation and the amount of milk fat for one day of life and productive use were cows with an index of origin of over 7000 kg of milk, and in the amount of milk fat for one day of lactation β individuals with a magnitude of this index of 6500β7000 kg of milk. Of particular interest for breeding of dairy cattle is the clarification of the links between the indicators of the duration and effectiveness of life-time use of cows with the milk productivity of their female ancestors, in particular with an index of origin. The correlation coefficients between the investigated indicators ranged from low negative (-0.003) to moderate positive values (+0.279). By the level of connection, the greatest predicted value was yields and the amount of milk fat for one day of life, productive use and lactation. One-factor dispersion analysis has established a different degree of influence of the index of origin of cows on the indicators of their productive longevity. The lowest influence of this indicator was observed on life expectancy, productive use and lactation, life expectancy, average lifetime fat content in milk and the lifetime of milk fat, yields and the amount of milk fat per day of life, the number of lactation per life and the coefficient of economic use of cows. At the same time, it should be noted that this influence on the average lifetime content of fat in milk, yields and the amount of milk fat per day of life was reliable (P < 0.05β0.01). The highest and most probable effect of the index of origin was on yields and the amount of milk fat per day of productive use and lactation (Ξ·x2=23.41β30.17%).ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π’Π·ΠΠ Β«ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΒ» Π‘ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΡΠ²ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ. Π Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠΊΡ. ΠΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡ Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡ
ΠΆΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΡΠ² (ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π±Π°ΡΡΠΊΡΠ²). ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π· ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΉ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, Π½Π°ΠΉΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ, Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π· ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ 4500 ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°, Π° Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ β ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ Π·Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ
5500β6000 ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π° Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π· ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ 7000 ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°, Π° Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ β ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π· Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡ 6500β7000 ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡ Π·βΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡΠ² ΠΌΡΠΆ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΉ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π· ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡ
ΠΆΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΡΠ², Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π· ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ΄βΡΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ
(-0,003) Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ (+0,279). ΠΠ° ΡΡΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π»Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΆΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π·Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΉ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ, Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ². ΠΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ (Π < 0,05β0,01). ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠΌ Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΉ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ (Ξ·x2=23,41β30,17%)
Π’ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ
The aim of research was to study the duration the effectiveness and lifelong use of Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed cows and the impact on these indicators of milk yield for the first and best of lactation. Research was carried out in Ltd. Β«Milk RiverΒ» Sokal district, Lviv region. It is established, that the highly indices of life expectancy, productive use, lactation, number of lactations for life and the coefficient of economic use there were cows, milk yield for the first lactation of which was 3501β4000, for the best β 5001β5500 kg, but for the lifelong yields and the amount of milk fat β with the milk yield for the first lactation 4001β4500, for better β more than 6000 kg. Better by yields and the number of butterfat on one day of life, productive use and lactation were cows with milk yield for the first lactation of over 5500 kg, and for better β more than 6000 kg. Thanks to the correlation analysis is set different levels and the direction of indicators duration communication and the efficiency and lifetime use of experimental cows with their milk yield for the first lactation. The highest positive and significant correlation coefficients have been established between the animals yields for the first lactation and their yields (0.426β0.812) and the amount of milk fat (0.445β0.811) for a day of life, productive use and lactation. Negative, but probable links were between milk yield of cows for the first lactation and the duration of their life, productive use, lactation, number of lactations in life, the coefficient economic use. The greatest influence of cows yield for the first lactation had their yield and the amount of milk fat for a day of productive use (61.89 and 62.47% respectively) and lactation (54.97 and 56.44%) and the lowest β in a lifelong yield (2.01%) and the lifelong number of milk fat (1.97%). The largest predicted value had the links between the yields for the best lactation of cows and their lifelong milk yield, lifelong number of milk fat, yields and the amount of milk fat for a day of life and productive use and lactation. These links in all cases were close, highly reliable and were in the range 0.598β0.911. The lowest correlation coefficient, in addition improbable and negative, was observed between milk yield of cows for the best lactation and average fat content in milk for all lactation (-0.008). Significant influence of better lactation on the above mentioned indicators are confirmed by our calculation the indicators of influence power, which ranged from 39.53 to 77.68%. The lowest power of influence of this factor was observed in the average fat content in milk for all investigated lactation (1.02%).ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π’Π·ΠΠ Β«ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΈΒ» Π‘ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΡΠ²ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, Π»Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ² 3501β4000, Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ β 5001β5500 ΠΊΠ³, Π° Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ β ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π· Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 4001β4500, Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ β ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ 6000 ΠΊΠ³. ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π° Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π· Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ 5500 ΠΊΠ³, Π° Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ β ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ 6000 ΠΊΠ³. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π· ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½Ρ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ (0,426β0,812) Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ (0,445β0,811) Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΉ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ.. ΠΡΠ΄βΡΠΌΠ½Ρ, Π°Π»Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, Π»Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π² Π½Π° ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ (61,89 ΡΠ° 62,47% Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ) Ρ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ (54,97 ΡΠ° 56,44%), Π° Π½Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ β Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉ (2,01%) ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ (1,97%). ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ, Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. Π¦Ρ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ
0,598β0,911. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄βΡΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°Π²ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π° Π²ΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ (-0,008). ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ 39,53 Π΄ΠΎ 77,68%. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΆΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π° Π²ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ (1,02%)
THE INFLUENCE OF SEASON OF BIRTH AND CALVING ON THEIR DAIRY PRODUCTION
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉ, Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π· ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΎ-Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ΄Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π²ΡΠ΄Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉ, Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘Π°ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅-Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π» ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ» Π² Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ.There was studied the influence of season of birth and calving on milk yield, fat content in milk and milk fat of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle in this work. It was established that animals with different season of birth and calving differed among themselves by the indicators of milk productivity. Cows born in autumn and winter had the highest yield and quantity of milk fat. Abovementioned seasons of calving cows marked the best indicators of milk production. However, the correlation coefficients between the studied parameters and the share of influence of birth season and calving season on milk yield, fat content in milk and milk fat amount was insignificant
ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²
In dairy farms of Ukraine, where highly productive dairy cows are kept, liver lesions are often diagnosed in the postpartum period. Postmortem studies of the liver of cows that were forcibly slaughtered showed that in mostly animals were diagnosed with fatty degeneration of the liver. The main causes of fatty hepatosis were violations of the structure of rations, imbalance of feeding on essential nutrients and biologically active substances, low content of easily digestible carbohydrates and high protein content. The study was performed on cows aged 4β5 years with productivity for the previous lactation of 5.600β7.500 L of milk, in a winter-stall period of keeping, 2β3 weeks after calving. According to clinical and biochemical blood tests, two groups of cows were formed β 50 clinically healthy and 50 cows with fatty liver disease. In cows diagnosed with fatty liver degeneration, the disease was manifested by decreased productivity and fatness, loss of appetite, oppression, hypotony of the rumen, reticulum and omasum. In some cows, there was pain at the liver area, increasing boundaries of hepatic dullness, jaundice of the visible mucous membranes and sclera. The blood serum of all cows with fatty liver disease established a decrease in albumin content, indicating impaired protein synthesis function of the liver. In some cows, the content of total protein in the serum increased due to globulin fractions, mainly gamma globulins. The ratio between the content of albumins and globulins decreased, which indicates the development in the blood of sick animals dysproteinemia. The development of fatty infiltration of the liver caused an increase in the concentration of bile acids in the serum of all sick cows. This is due to reduced conjugation and excretion of cholates by affected hepatocytes from the bile capillaries. The formation, absorption, conjugation, and excretion of bilirubin in the bile is disturbed, which causes the accumulation of total and conjugated bilirubin in the serum of sick animals. The cholesterol content in the blood of cows decreased, caused a violation of the esterification of its esters by hepatocytes. The established changes in the content of bile acids, total and conjugated bilirubin, and cholesterol in the blood of sick cows indicate a violation of bile secretion, bile production, and cholestasis development. In some cows with fatty liver degeneration, urea formation function and carbohydrate function are impaired, leading to a decrease in blood urea content and glucose.Π£ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ, Π΄Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ², Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ², Π½Π΅Π·Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π»Ρ Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ β ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ 4β5 ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ² Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Ρ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 5600β7500 Π» ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°, Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΡΡΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, 2β3 ΡΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π²Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² β 50 ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Ρ 50 Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ. Π£ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ², Π² ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ, Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π²Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π³ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ². Π£ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈ. Π£ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π²ΡΡΡ
Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΡΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ. Π£ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°, Π·Π° ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΉ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ². Π‘ΠΏΡΠ²Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ² Ρ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ² Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π²ΡΡΡ
Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. Π¦Π΅ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½βΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π· ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ². ΠΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½βΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΠΆΠΎΠ²Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ±ΡΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½βΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ±ΡΠ½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
. ΠΠΌΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ² Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π²ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠ² Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½βΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ±ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΆΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ. Π£ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ², Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ° Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ
Genetic Control of Biosynthesis and Transport of Riboflavin and Flavin Nucleotides and Construction of Robust Biotechnological Producersβ
Summary: Riboflavin [7,8-dimethyl-10-(1β²-d-ribityl)isoalloxazine, vitamin B2] is an obligatory component of human and animal diets, as it serves as the precursor of flavin coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide, which are involved in oxidative metabolism and other processes. Commercially produced riboflavin is used in agriculture, medicine, and the food industry. Riboflavin synthesis starts from GTP and ribulose-5-phosphate and proceeds through pyrimidine and pteridine intermediates. Flavin nucleotides are synthesized in two consecutive reactions from riboflavin. Some microorganisms and all animal cells are capable of riboflavin uptake, whereas many microorganisms have distinct systems for riboflavin excretion to the medium. Regulation of riboflavin synthesis in bacteria occurs by repression at the transcriptional level by flavin mononucleotide, which binds to nascent noncoding mRNA and blocks further transcription (named the riboswitch). In flavinogenic molds, riboflavin overproduction starts at the stationary phase and is accompanied by derepression of enzymes involved in riboflavin synthesis, sporulation, and mycelial lysis. In flavinogenic yeasts, transcriptional repression of riboflavin synthesis is exerted by iron ions and not by flavins. The putative transcription factor encoded by SEF1 is somehow involved in this regulation. Most commercial riboflavin is currently produced or was produced earlier by microbial synthesis using special selected strains of Bacillus subtilis, Ashbya gossypii, and Candida famata. Whereas earlier RF overproducers were isolated by classical selection, current producers of riboflavin and flavin nucleotides have been developed using modern approaches of metabolic engineering that involve overexpression of structural and regulatory genes of the RF biosynthetic pathway as well as genes involved in the overproduction of the purine precursor of riboflavin, GTP