La lingua dell’accoglienza. Riflessioni sull’insegnamento dell’italiano L2 per adulti stranieri

L’articolo affronta il tema dello sviluppo dell’autonomia nell’educazione del migrante adulto, focalizzandosi in particolar modo sui processi di insegnamento dell’italiano come lingua seconda. L’obiettivo principale è quello di ricercare possibili strategie per orientare l’azione formativa verso la costruzione di un percorso politico-pedagogico trasformativo. Questo permette al migrante di acquisire competenze e capacità critiche per superare l’emarginazione e avviare da protagonista il proprio processo di integrazione nella società d’accoglienza. In tale direzione, si è tentato di attivare connessioni tra ambiti disciplinari diversi, facendo dialogare il lessico glottodidattico con le teorie pedagogiche di stampo critico e il problematicismo pedagogico, provando a tradurre in prassi le istanze prodotte da tale colloquio. Oggi occorre ripensare le metodologie di insegnamento di italiano L2, ponendo lo studente al centro del processo di apprendimento, favorendo lo sviluppo di pensiero critico e di competenze relazionali per incentivare una reale autonomia e un arricchimento esistenziale reciproco

A pH-responsive crosslinker platform for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting delivery

We report a new 1-6 self-immolative, traceless crosslinker derived from the natural product gallic acid. The linker acts through a pH-dependent mechanism for drug release. This 5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrogallol orthoester derivative (HMPO) was stable for 24 hours at pH values of 7.4 and 6.6 and in plasma, releasing molecules bound to the hydroxymethyl moiety under acid-dependent stimuli at pH 5.5. The linker was non-toxic and was used for the conjugation of Doxorubicin (Doxo) or Combretastatin A4 with Cetuximab. The ADCs formed showed their pH responsivity reducing cell viability of A431 and A549 cancer cells better than Cetuximab alone. © 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry

LANDSCAPE REVIEW OF IMPLEMENTING AND DELEGATED ACTS APPLICABLE TO EUROPEAN MEDICAL DEVICE REGULATION 745/2017

Introduced by the Lisbon Treaty, Implementing and Delegated Acts are a new source of European law. Disciplined respectively by Articles 290 and 291 of the TFEU, they aim to improve the effectiveness of the European decision-making process by simplifying the implementation/execution procedure. This study investigated the Implementing and Delegates Acts pertinent to EU Regulation 745/2017 on medical devices. Although complicated by the fact that these Acts are issued at different times and with different modalities following the entry into force of the Regulation to which they refer, our research was facilitated by the Eur-Lex database. Data extrapolation was followed by careful analysis of each Act and the creation of Tables with succinct but comprehensive summaries in chronological order. The result is an updated overview of a complex ongoing regulatory process. While eight Implementing Acts pursuant to Art 35, 27.2, 106.17, 10.6, 33.8, 5.6, 10.6 of the MDR have been introduced by the Commission at different times, none of the twelve Delegated Acts referred to in Article 115 of the Regulation has yet been forthcoming. Unlike Implementing Acts, Implementing Decisions n. 2021/1182 and 2022/6 stand out for their clarity, with the specific ISO regulation on medical devices official acknowledged as a binding requirement. - Regulation (EU) 2017/745 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on medical devices, amending Directive 2001/83/EC, Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 and Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 and repealing Council Directives 90/385/EEC and 93/42/EEC (Text with EEA relevance.) https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/?uri=celex:32017R0745#:~:text=Regolamento% 20(UE) 2017% 2F745,rilevante ai fini del SEE. ) - Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT:it:PDF - C. Rivadossi, Il TFUE e le nuove fonti del diritto dell’Unione Europea. Atti delegati e Atti di esecuzione a confronto, 12 ottobre 2014, Cattedra di diritto pubblico, Università di Brescia. https://www.forumcostituzionale.it/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/rivadossi.pdf - J. Mendes, Delegated and Implementing Rule Making: Proceduralisation and Consultation De-sign, European Law Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1, January 2013, pp. 22–41 - European Commission, questions and answers European nomenclature of medical devices https://ec.europa.eu/health/system/files/2021-10/md_q-a_emdn_it_0.pdfo - European Standardization https://www.cencenelec.eu/european-standardization/ - https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-making-process/adopting-eu-law/implementing-and-delegated-acts_it - Comitology https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-making-process/adopting-eu-law/implementing-and-delegatedacts/comitology_it - https://eurlex.europa.eu/search.html?SUBDOM_INIT=ALL_ALL&DTS_SUBDOM=ALL_ALL&DTS_DOM=ALL&lang=en&type=advanced&DB_IMPLEMENTING=32017R0745&qid=1636408561747 - https://eurlex.europa.eu/search.html?SUBDOM_INIT=ALL_ALL&DTS_SUBDOM=ALL_ALL&DTS_DOM=ALL&DB_DELEGATED=32017R0745&lang=en&type=advanced&qid=1636408628734rire test

Aperitivo con le farfalle

Trabajo presentado en "Aperitivo con le farfalle: Legambiente presenta i risultati dei progetti e degli studi di mappatura delle farfalle italiane", celebrado en Roma en abril de 2016.N

Ru(CO)x-core complexes with selected azoles: Synthesis, X-ray structure, spectroscopy, DFT analysis and evaluation of cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells

The reaction of [RuII(CO) Cl ], 1, in methanol with azoles affords complexes that contain the fac-{RuII 262 (CO)3}2+-core. The complexes presented in this paper have the general formula fac-[RuII(CO)3Cl2L], with a molecule L of imidazole (IM), 2, or N-methyl-imidazole (MIM), 3, as a ligand in the pseudo-octahedral coor- dination sphere that is completed by two chlorido ligands cis to each other. The compounds show an appre- ciable solubility in water (up to ca 1 g/L) at 25 °C, and are well soluble in other solvents, such as alcohol, acetone, dicholoromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, and in mixtures of solvents. In the case where water is pres- ent in the medium (10% v/v or higher), significant dissociation of the Ru–N bond that is trans to a carbonyl ligand occurs, and a series of substitutions and other types of reactions may take place afterwards, depend- ing on the reactants and the applied experimental conditions. The synthesis and isolation of single crystals of 2 was performed by reacting the starting dimer 1 with 1-acetylimidazole in alcohol medium. DFT structure simulations/optimizations were carried out at Becke3lyp level of theory by using several basis sets up to 6-311++G⁄⁄ for C, H, Cl, N and O atoms, and the Lanl2DZ pseudo-potential for Ru. In vitro cytotoxicity tests for 2, 3 and fac-[RuII(CO)3Cl2(THZ)] (THZ = 1,3-thiazole), 4, showed IC50 values mostly in the range 100–200 lM in CH1 (ovarian carcinoma) and SW480 (colon carcinoma) cell lines. ESI-MS studies revealed the ability of these complexes to link the model proteins Lysozyme and Cytochrome c and similar binding patterns are highlighted; interestingly, protein binding is accompanied by a partial release of the original ligands. Fragments of the type [RuII(CO)2]2+ or [RuII(CO)]2+ are found associated to the proteins

{Ru(CO)x}-core complexes with selected azoles: Synthesis, X-ray structure, spectroscopy, DFT analysis and evaluation of cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells

The reaction of [RuII2(CO)6Cl2], 1, in methanol with azoles affords complexes that contain the fac-{RuII (CO)3}2+-core. The complexes presented in this paper have the general formula fac-[RuII(CO)3Cl2L], with a molecule L of imidazole (IM), 2, or N-methyl-imidazole (MIM), 3, as a ligand in the pseudo-octahedral coordination sphere that is completed by two chlorido ligands cis to each other. The compounds show an appreciable solubility in water (up to ca 1 g/L) at 25 C, and are well soluble in other solvents, such as alcohol, acetone, dicholoromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, and in mixtures of solvents. In the case where water is present in the medium (10% v/v or higher), significant dissociation of the Ru–N bond that is trans to a carbonyl ligand occurs, and a series of substitutions and other types of reactions may take place afterwards, depending on the reactants and the applied experimental conditions. The synthesis and isolation of single crystals of 2 was performed by reacting the starting dimer 1 with 1-acetylimidazole in alcohol medium. DFT structure simulations/optimizations were carried out at Becke3lyp level of theory by using several basis sets up to 6-311++G⁄⁄ for C, H, Cl, N and O atoms, and the Lanl2DZ pseudo-potential for Ru. In vitro cytotoxicity tests for 2, 3 and fac-[RuII(CO)3Cl2(THZ)] (THZ = 1,3-thiazole), 4, showed IC50 values mostly in the range 100–200 lM in CH1 (ovarian carcinoma) and SW480 (colon carcinoma) cell lines. ESI-MS studies revealed the ability of these complexes to link the model proteins Lysozyme and Cytochrome c and similar binding patterns are highlighted; interestingly, protein binding is accompanied by a partial release of the original ligands. Fragments of the type [RuII(CO)2]2+ or [RuII(CO)]2+ are found associated to the proteins

Synthesis, spectroscopic and DFT structural characterization of two novel ruthenium(III) oxicam complexes. In vivo evaluation of anti-inflammatory and gastric damaging activities

The reactions of ruthenium(III) chloride trihydrate with piroxicam (H2PIR) and tenoxicam (H2TEN), two widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, afforded [RuIIICl2(H2PIR)(HPIR)],·1, and [RuIIICl2(H2TEN)(HTEN)],·2. Both compounds were obtained as pure green solids through purification via flash column chromatography. Characterizations were accomplished through UV–vis and IR spectroscopy, potentiometry and HPLC. Quantum mechanics and density functional computational methods were applied to investigate their respective molecular structures. The experimental and computational results are in agreement with a pseudo-octahedral coordination where the two chlorido ligands are in trans positions (apical) and the two trans-N,O chelating oxicam ligands occupy the equatorial sites. Both compounds revealed an acceptable solubility and stability profile upon dissolution in a standard buffer at physiological pH. Nonetheless, the addition of biologically occurring reducing agents caused spectral changes. The two complexes manifested a poor reactivity with the model proteins cytochrome c and lysozyme: no evidence for adduct formation was indeed obtained based on a standard ESI MS analysis; in contrast, some significant reactivity with serum albumin was proved spectrophotometrically. Remarkably, both study compounds revealed pronounced anti-edema effects in vivo suggesting that the pharmacological actions of the ligands aremostly retained; in addition, they were less irritating than piroxicam on the gastric mucosa when the coordination compounds and free oxicam were administered at the same overall molar concentration of the ligand. Overall, the present results point out that ruthenium coordination may represent an effective strategy to improve the pharmacological properties of oxicam drugs reducing their undesired side effects

Determinants of the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES: Fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are chronic and progressive lung diseases with different prognosis, with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) having the worst prognosis. Many patients need a surgical lung biopsy for the definite diagnosis of IPF but age and the clinical context often contraindicate this procedure. The aim of this study is to identify predictors of survival, apart from lung biopsy, in patients with definite and possible IPF. PATIENTs AND METHODS: We studied 42 patients with HRCT pattern of definite or possible IPF, by assessing the mortality in relationship with baseline HRCT and functional findings. HRCT was assessed both as prevalent pattern (definite vs possible UIP) and as score of the different abnormalities (in particular, honeycombing (HC) and total fibrotic score). Pulmonary function was assessed as baseline FVC, TLC and DLCO values, as well as change over 6 months of follow-up. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in order to detect predictors of mortality. RESULTS: During follow-up, 10 out of 42 patients died. Mortality rate was not different according to the qualitative pattern of fibrosis at HRCT. Among the different HRCT scores, a cut-off of 15% in the HC score differentiated patients with higher mortality rate. A lower baseline FVC, and a greater decrease in pulmonary function after 6 months, were both associated with higher mortality. In a logistic analysis taking in consideration clinical, radiological and functional findings, only baseline FVC and FVC change after 6 months resulted significant predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Functional evaluation at the baseline and during follow-up is more relevant than HC score for the prognosis of patients with definite and possible IPF

Ru(CO)x-Core complexes with benzimidazole ligands: synthesis, X-ray structure and evaluation of anticancer activity in vivo

The reaction of [RuII2(CO)6Cl2], 1, with N3-methylbenzimidazole (MBI) and 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMBI) afforded two new complexes with the general formula fac-[RuII(CO)3Cl2L], L = MBI (2) or DMBI (4). Crystals of cis,trans-[RuII(CO)2Cl2(N3-MBI)2], 3, were also obtained from the mother liquor that produced 2. In the presence of water, the dissociation of Ru-N, Ru-Cl and Ru-CO bonds occurred as a function of time, water content and pH. Density functional theory structure simulations/optimizations were carried out at the Becke3LYP level of theory for evaluating the relative stability of possible conformers. ESI-MS studies revealed the ability of the complexes to link model proteins, such as lysozyme, bovine pancreatic ribonuclease and cytochrome c, with the partial release of the heteroaromatic base, chlorido and carbonyl ligands. X-ray diffraction studies on crystals grown from a solution of HEWL and 2 showed the partial removal of chloride and CO. Cytotoxicity tests yielded two-digit micromolar IC50values in CH1/PA-1 and SW480 cancer cells. In contrast to CORM-3 and 2, a significantly reduced tumor growth was observed with 4 in the murine colon cancer CT-26 model in vivo