NASA broad-specification fuels combustion technology program: Status and description

The program presented is a contracted effort to evolve and demonstrate the technology required to utilize broad-specification fuels in current and next generation commercial Conventional Takeoff and Landing aircraft engines, and to verify this technology in full-scale engine tests in 1983. The program consists of three phases: Combustor Concept Screening, Combustor Optimization Testing, and Engine Verification Testing. The development and screening of the combustion system designs for the CF6-80 engine and the JT9D-7 engine, respectively, in high-pressure sector test rigs are reported

The NASA broad-specification fuels combustion technology program: An assessment of phase 1 test results

An assessment is made of the results of Phase 1 screening testing of current and advanced combustion system concepts using several broadened-properties fuels. The severity of each of several fuels-properties effects on combustor performance or liner life is discussed, as well as design techniques with the potential to offset these adverse effects. The selection of concepts to be pursued in Phase 2 refinement testing is described. This selection takes into account the relative costs and complexities of the concepts, the current outlook on pollutant emissions control, and practical operational problems

The NASA pollution-reduction technology program for small jet aircraft engines

Three advanced combustor concepts, designed for the AiResearch TFE 731-2 turbofan engine, were evaluated in screening tests. Goals for carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons were met or closely approached with two of the concepts with relatively modest departures from conventional combustor design practices. A more advanced premixing/prevaporizing combustor, while appearing to have the potential for meeting the oxides of nitrogen goal as well, will require extensive development to make it a practical combustion system. Smoke numbers for the two combustor concepts were well within the EPA smoke standard. Phase 2, Combustor-Engine Compatibility Testing, which is in its early stages, and planned Phase 3, Combustor-Engine Demonstration Testing, are also described

Performance of an annual combustor designed for a low-cost turbojet engine

Performance tests were conducted on a combustor designed for use in a low-cost turbojet engine. Low-cost features included the use of very inexpensive simplex fuel nozzles and combustor liners of perforated sheet material. Combustion efficiencies at the altitude-cruise and sea-level design points were approximately 94 and 96 percent, respectively. The combustor isothermal total-pressure loss was 8.8 percent at the altitude-cruise-condition diffuser-inlet Mach number of 0.335. The combustor-exit temperature pattern factor was less than 0.3 at the altitude-cruise, sea-level-cruise, and sea-level-static design conditions. The combustor-exit average radial temperature profiles at all conditions were in very good agreement with the design profile. The intense mixing required because of the very high combustor heat-release rate had an adverse effect on ignition capability at altitude windmilling design conditions

Programme evaluation theory: the next step toward a synthesis of logic models and organisational theory

This paper argues that the formulation of policy, at whatever level, to whatever scale or scope, is any different to the myriad of processes involved in strategic planning within and between organisations, and the attendant decision making processes that abound in such an environment (Hage, 1980; Hickson, 1987; Thompson, 1967; Weick, 1976). Those forces that impact upon organisations are precisely the same forces that impact upon policy making groups who are themselves ‘organisations’ (or institutions), whether actual or representative. This provides a startign point for considering a synthesis between various models or paradigms. The argument continues, that program theory and the program logic model can incorporate and synthesise theories from elsewhere that, in turn, usefully inform and develop programme theory and program logic. A ‘hierarchical’ model is presented to explore the linkages between the components and ‘simple’ processes of theory, programme theory, logic modelling, organisational functioning, policy, and the consequent impact. It is hoped that this model can be used as a framework to: (a) determine which components are essential to give the policy external validity, credibility, implementability, and so on; and (b) provide a common point of reference for policy makers, stakeholders, and evaluators

Key principals of on-line tuition and learning for graduate students

A successful learning experience depends on, and requires, the same commitment and activities from students as in face-to-face learning. It is important to ensure you don’t fall behind with your work – the reading and the conference contributions. The forums provide interaction and the interaction is more than just discussion. It means actively taking part, keeping up to date, and collaborating

The issue of social construction in and through organizations texts: a case in point

This paper provides an attempt to: 1) bring some of the more quantitative approaches to the analysis of bodies of written text into the field of Organizational Discourse Analysis (ODA) without losing the important qualitative aspects; and 2) to re-extend the relationship between text and context. The point in relation to the theme of the conference is that this throws up examples of dramaturgical constructions of identity/ies-in-text that occur during mundane, routine activities (meetings)

A simple introduction to coaching in organizations and business

This unit provides you with a brief overview of the core principles, skills, and capabilities required for coaching. It is set in the context of organizations and businesses, but it is important to recognise that the core principles, skills and capabilities are universal. The market for coaching in organizational settings has grown massively over the past couple of decades, as have the models, approaches, and sets of questions and techniques. What we do in this module, however, is go back to the tried and tested basics. In simple terms, the models techniques and so on that you apply are not going to deliver consistent benefits to your clients, if they deliver any benefits at all. It is those deep seated understandings and skills that make the difference. This is explained in some of the video clips provided and in the books listed under recommended reading