PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK JAMUR Ganoderma sp. TERHADAP HISTOPATOLOGI HEPAR DAN TESTIS MENCIT Mus musculus YANG DIINDUKSI TIMBAL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu pemberian ekstrak jamur Ganoderma sp. terhadap histopatologi testis dan hepar mencit (Mus musculus) yang telah diinduksi timbal. Hewan coba yang digunakan sebanyak 24 ekor mencit jantan galur DDW. Hewan coba dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan yaitu K0 (kontrol normal diinduksi akuades selama 7 hari), kontrol Ganoderma sp. selama 7 hari (K+), kontrol Pb selama 7 hari (K-), dan kelompok perlakuan yang terdiri dari P1 (induksi Pb selama 7 hari, kemudian induksi Ganoderma sp. selama 7 hari), P2 (induksi Ganoderma sp. selama 7 hari, kemudian induksi Pb selama 7 hari), dan P3 (induksi Ganoderma sp. selama 7 hari, induksi Pb selama 7 hari, kemudian induksi Ganoderma sp. selama 7 hari) yang masing-masing terdiri dari 4 ekor mencit dalam tiap kelompok. Induksi Pb dan induksi Ganoderma sp. dilakukan dengan injeksi peritoneal dengan dosis tunggal 100 mg/kgbb. Organ hepar dan testis dibuat preparat histologi. Pengamatan kerusakan jaringan hepar dan testis dilakukan dibawah mikroskop cahaya perbesaran 40X10, setiap individu dilakukan 5 kali pengulangan. Dilakukan penghitungan jumlah sel normal, sel yang mengalami degenerasi hidropis, dan sel nekrosis pada hepar. Dilakukan penghitungan jumlah sel spermatogonium, sel spermatosit, sel spermatid, diameter tubulus seminiferus, dan tebal epitel tubulus seminiferus. Data dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA dan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan P2 dan P3 dapat meningkatkan rerata presentase sel normal hepar, menurunkan rerata presentase sel degenerasi hidropis, dan menurunkan rerata sel nekrosis pada hepar. Pada organ testis tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan terhadap jumlah sel spermatogonium, sel spermatosit, sel spermatid, diameter tubulus seminiferus, dan tebal epitel tubulus seminiferus. Dapat disimpulkan ekstrak Ganoderma sp. dapat berperan sebagai hepatoprotektor dengan memperbaiki kerusakan gambaran histologi hepar jika diberikan sebelum induksi Pb, namun tidak mempengaruhi gambaran histologi testis secara signifika

Isolation and screening of potential proteolytic and amylolytic microbes from Wonorejo Mangrove forest soil, Surabaya, Indonesia

The aims of this research were to isolate and to identify the microbes that have potential amylolytic and proteolytic activities. Microbial isolation was performed on mangrove soil sample from Wonorejo, Surabaya, by plating samples on Nutrient Agar (NA), Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Nitrogen free bromothymol blue (Nfb), Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and Pikovskaya agar media. Microbial isolates obtained were grown on Bushnell Haas agar enriched with starch or milk to test production of amylase and protease enzymes. The results revealed three kinds of bacteria and six kinds of moulds that were purified and characterised. The two kinds of bacteria had NA1 and CMC1 isolate codes and the two kinds of moulds were PDA20131 and PIKOV1513, which could grow on PDA and Pikovskaya media, and were used to test their amylolytic and proteolytic activities. Results of proteolytic tests revealed that there were two microbial isolates that could produce proteases, i.e. PDA20131 and a Gram-negative rod bacteria (NA1). The isolates that produced amylases were PIKOV1513 and a Gram-negative rod bacteria capable of growing on the CMC media (CMC1)

Screening and identifying of cellulolytic bacteria from Alas Purwo National Park

This research aimed to screen and identifies cellulolytic bacteria from Alas Purwo National Park. Soil samples were taken from five points in each location by indirect sampling method. Bacteria were isolated with CMC (Carboxymethylcellulose) agar. The result had successfully obtained 16 isolates which produced cellulase. The cellulase activity index assay of bacteria used CMC agar modified with adds 1 % YME (Yeast Malt Extract) and then was incubated during one day at room temperature. Bacterial colonies were soaked with Congo red 1 % and rinsed with NaOH 10 % to visualize the halo zone formed. Three isolates with highest cellulase activity index were identified by observing the colony morphology, cell morphology, and the biochemical characters. The results of this research showed that the three highest potential isolates producing cellulase were BPA-B, BSA-D, and BPA-A with cellulase activity indexes respectively 10.67, 9.86, and 8.16. BPA-B, BSA-D, and BPA-A each have the similarity with genera Pimelobacter, Micrococcus, and Cellulomonas