P(P bar)P elastic scattering and cosmic ray data

It is shown that the total cross section for pp elastic scattering at cosmic ray energies, as well as the total cross section, the slope parameter b(s,t) and the differential cross section for small momentum transfer at ISR and collider energies for p(p)p elastic scattering can be simultaneously fitted by using a simple Regge pole model. The results of this theory is discussed in detail

The arid zone of West Pakistan: geographical aspects of aridity in West Pakistan.

In West Pakistan aridity has for long been considered from many separate aspects, climate, hydraulic engineering, irrigation engineering, crop selection etc, and there is a considerable volume of unrelated findings. This thesis represents an attempt to relate and correlate the various approaches "by establishing some of the aspects of the geographical relationship "between man and various aspects of the land. The basic environmental elements of physique, geology, structure and climate are first established, a selective approach being based on relevance to the central point of climatic aridity - Chapters 1-3. In Chapters 4, 5 and 6, are considered those elements which are physical in character, directly influenced by climate, but whose present characteristics are to a varying degree the result of the human response to dominant aridity. Thus, in considering Hydrography one must look at elements such as river-regimes and under ground water partly as fundamental parts of the landscape and also as units having a two-way reaction with man's works in irrigation, cultivation etc. Similarly Soils, and Plant Ecology are regarded as parts of a whole complex in which climatic aridity is dominant and as complexes of natural and man caused factors. The concluding Chapters 7, and 8 are devoted to a consideration of the direct human response to environment, in the past and present. Archaeological, historic and present settlement patterns not only illustrate this response, hut clarify our picture of the environment itself. Aridity finally is more than a deficiency of rainfall. The most simple human response is to live on the qualities of drought-resistance. possessed by some livestock, but extensive past oral ism in arid areas itself brings into focus some more complicated implications of climatic aridity, i.e. overgrazing, deforestation and their ecological consequences. Man as cultivator can move away from direct contact with climatic aridity, but since pre-historic times, this has merely extended the range of the effects of total aridity on himself, and extended the range of meaning, in the landscape, of the factor of aridity i.e., canals and increasing salinity, floods and barrages, wells and commercial crops

Hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy II, a rare disease in a large Pakistani family

Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathy II (HSAN II) is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by severe loss of pain, temperature and touch sensation. Injuries in these patients can progress to necrosis and shedding of digits and limbs. Here we report two cases of HSAN II belonging to a Pakistani family. Individual 1, a forty five year old man, had complete loss of pain sensation since birth. Self-mutilation and complication of injuries resulted in the shedding of all the digits and right foot and surgical amputation of left leg. Individual 2, a five year old girl,had delay in healing of wounds and self-mutilation. Examination showed a complete lack of pain sensation throughout her body and hyporeflexia. As the genetic cause of HSAN II is unknown, identification of more patients will allow further research on this disease and possibly develop a cure

Anaesthetic management of a pregnant patient for aortic valve replacement

Cardiac disease can be encountered during pregnancy with the frequency being 1% to 2% of all pregnant women. Because of the high foetal and relative maternal mortality during surgery, medical management is the first line of treatment. Nevertheless, when medical treatment fails, cardiac surgery becomes necessary. We present the anaesthetic management of a case of Aortic valve disease in a pregnant woman undergoing surgery