Oscillating light wall above a sunspot light bridge

With the high tempo-spatial \emph{Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph} 1330 {\AA} images, we find that many bright structures are rooted in the light bridge of NOAA 12192, forming a \emph{light wall}. The light wall is brighter than the surrounding areas, and the wall top is much brighter than the wall body. The New Vacuum Solar Telescope H$\alpha$ and the \emph{Solar Dynamics Observatory} 171 {\AA} and 131 {\AA} images are also used to study the light wall properties. In 1330 {\AA}, 171 {\AA}, and 131 {\AA}, the top of the wall has a higher emission, while in the H$\alpha$ line, the wall top emission is very low. The wall body corresponds to bright areas in 1330 {\AA} and dark areas in the other lines. The top of the light wall moves upward and downward successively, performing oscillations in height. The deprojected mean height, amplitude, oscillation velocity, and the dominant period are determined to be 3.6 Mm, 0.9 Mm, 15.4 km s$^{-1}$, and 3.9 min, respectively. We interpret the oscillations of the light wall as the leakage of \emph{p}-modes from below the photosphere. The constant brightness enhancement of the wall top implies the existence of some kind of atmospheric heating, e.g., via the persistent small-scale reconnection or the magneto-acoustic waves. In another series of 1330 {\AA} images, we find that the wall top in the upward motion phase is significantly brighter than in the downward phase. This kind of oscillations may be powered by the energy released due to intermittent impulsive magnetic reconnection.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ

Failure Mechanism of Foam Concrete with C-Channel Embedment

[EN] Forty-eight tests have been carried out to find of the failure mode of a new type of the foam concrete using C-Channels as embedements. Four groups of foam concrete specimens with various embedment depths of the steel in the concrete. The modes of failure of this new type of structure are summarized, which include the independent failure of the C-Channels with and without a concrete block inside the channel as well as the combined failure of the two channels, and the failure of the extrusion block. It is concluded that the failure involves independent slippage between two C-Channels, and the steel and the foam concrete blocks inside the C-Channels.The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Project name: Failure mechanism research for lightweight steel and foam concrete composite structure Approval number: 51378238.Liu, D.; Wang, F.; Fu, F. (2018). Failure Mechanism of Foam Concrete with C-Channel Embedment. En Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures. ASCCS 2018. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 675-681. https://doi.org/10.4995/ASCCS2018.2018.8367OCS67568

INTERNET SHOPPING AND ITS IMPACT ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

The main goal of the paper is to obtain quantitative evidence describing the actuality of internet shopping in the case of the UK and China in order to explain the development of internet shopping and its impact on consumer behaviour. The paper builds on the relevant literature and at the same time examines consumer behaviour by questionnaires. Furthermore, the future development of internet shopping will be measured, and a deep comparison of consumer behaviour between these two countries is also analysed. To reach those objectives a co-integration analysis and quantitative research methods are used to identify all aspect of the internet shopping and impact on consumer behaviour. The data results obtained revealed in the paper support the research questions that including recent trends and various issues of in internet shopping, and principal factors for consumer behaviour. The paper, therefore, provides information for analysing these research questions to conclude the status of internet shopping and its impact of consumer behaviour among UK and China consumers. More specifically, the empirical results suggest how the E-commerce company make marketing strategies according the research data and analysing results

An Anatomy-aware Framework for Automatic Segmentation of Parotid Tumor from Multimodal MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays an important role in diagnosing the parotid tumor, where accurate segmentation of tumors is highly desired for determining appropriate treatment plans and avoiding unnecessary surgery. However, the task remains nontrivial and challenging due to ambiguous boundaries and various sizes of the tumor, as well as the presence of a large number of anatomical structures around the parotid gland that are similar to the tumor. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel anatomy-aware framework for automatic segmentation of parotid tumors from multimodal MRI. First, a Transformer-based multimodal fusion network PT-Net is proposed in this paper. The encoder of PT-Net extracts and fuses contextual information from three modalities of MRI from coarse to fine, to obtain cross-modality and multi-scale tumor information. The decoder stacks the feature maps of different modalities and calibrates the multimodal information using the channel attention mechanism. Second, considering that the segmentation model is prone to be disturbed by similar anatomical structures and make wrong predictions, we design anatomy-aware loss. By calculating the distance between the activation regions of the prediction segmentation and the ground truth, our loss function forces the model to distinguish similar anatomical structures with the tumor and make correct predictions. Extensive experiments with MRI scans of the parotid tumor showed that our PT-Net achieved higher segmentation accuracy than existing networks. The anatomy-aware loss outperformed state-of-the-art loss functions for parotid tumor segmentation. Our framework can potentially improve the quality of preoperative diagnosis and surgery planning of parotid tumors.Comment: under revie

Segmentation of Parotid Gland Tumors Using Multimodal MRI and Contrastive Learning

Parotid gland tumor is a common type of head and neck tumor. Segmentation of the parotid glands and tumors by MR images is important for the treatment of parotid gland tumors. However, segmentation of the parotid glands is particularly challenging due to their variable shape and low contrast with surrounding structures. Recently deep learning has developed rapidly, which can handle complex problems. However, most of the current deep learning methods for processing medical images are still based on supervised learning. Compared with natural images, medical images are difficult to acquire and costly to label. Contrastive learning, as an unsupervised learning method, can more effectively utilize unlabeled medical images. In this paper, we used a Transformer-based contrastive learning method and innovatively trained the contrastive learning network with transfer learning. Then, the output model was transferred to the downstream parotid segmentation task, which improved the performance of the parotid segmentation model on the test set. The improved DSC was 89.60%, MPA was 99.36%, MIoU was 85.11%, and HD was 2.98. All four metrics showed significant improvement compared to the results of using a supervised learning model as a pre-trained model for the parotid segmentation network. In addition, we found that the improvement of the segmentation network by the contrastive learning model was mainly in the encoder part, so this paper also tried to build a contrastive learning network for the decoder part and discussed the problems encountered in the process of building

Implementasi Asas Proporsionalitas dan Jaminan Kepastian Hukum dalam Tabungan Perumahan Rakyat

The aim of the law is to create justice, certainty and benefit, the Public Housing Savings program is the government's effort to overcome the problem of housing inequality, however there is resistance from the public towards the Public Housing Savings program which is based on a lack of public trust in the Tapera program and the feeling that Tapera contributions are burdensome for workers. The aim of this research is to analyze and determine the implementation of the principle of proportionality and guarantee of legal certainty for Public Housing Savings participants. The method used in this research is empirical juridical, with a Sociology of Law, Legislation and Conceptual approach. Data collection through interviews, questionnaires and literature study. The research results show that the Tapera program is not in accordance with the principle of Proportionality, because Tapera participants with middle to upper incomes do not receive benefits other than savings and fertilizer proceeds that can be taken when membership ends which are not commensurate with their contributions, and participants with low incomes feel that the 2.5% contribution is burdensome because there is a burden on other income. Article 39 letter d of the Tapera Law seems to obscure BP Tapera's responsibility to be held accountable in court for the negligence of third parties appointed by BP Tapera, and data shows that the Tapera program has low community legitimacy and thus requires a guarantee.Tujuan daripada hukum adalah untuk menciptakan keadilan, kepastian, dan kemanfaatan, program Tabungan Perumahan Rakyat adalah upaya pemerintah untuk mengatasi permasalahan kesenjangan perumahan, namun terdapat penolakan dari masyarakat terhadap program Tabungan Perumahan Rakyat yang didasari oleh kurangnya rasa kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap program Tapera dan merasa bahwa iuran Tapera memberatkan para pekerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui implementasi asas proporsionalitas dan jaminan kepastian hukum bagi peserta Tabungan Perumahan Rakyat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris, dengan pendekatan Sosiologi Hukum, Peraturan Perundang-undangan, dan Konseptual. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, kuesioner, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program Tapera tidak sesuai dengan asas Proporsionalitas, karena peserta Tapera dengan penghasilan menengah ke atas tidak mendapat manfaat lain daripada hasil tabungan dan hasil pemupukan yang dapat diambil saat kepesertaan berakhir yang tidak sesuai dengan kontribusinya, dan peserta dengan penghasilan rendah merasa bahwa iuran 2,5% dirasa memberatkan karena terdapat beban penghasilan lain. Pasal 39 huruf d UU Tapera seolah mengaburkan tanggung jawab BP Tapera untuk bertanggung jawab di pengadilan atas kelalaian pihak ketiga yang diangkat oleh BP Tapera, dan data menunjukkan bahwa program Tapera memiliki daya legitimasi masyarakat yang rendah sehingga membutuhkan suatu jaminan

Quad-Band NGD Investigation on Crossed Resonator Interconnect Structure

This brief explains why the coupling between crossed interconnect structure and straight I-lines of printed circuit board (PCB) presents bandpass (BP) negative group delay (NGD) behavior. The NGD effect is investigated with crossed resonator innovative microstrip equivalent topology. As proof of concept (POC), the influences of crossed resonator circuit physical variables on the BP-NGD behavior are illustrated by parametric study. The cross-coupled microstrip circuit POC BP-NGD responses is validated with quad-band NGD behavior. A very good agreement between calculations, simulations and experimentations state results of NGD center frequency-NGD value, (1.541-GHz, −1.84-ns), (2.397-GHz, −1.6-ns), (3.379-GHz, −1.38-ns), and (4.164-GHz, −0.91-ns) representing the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th NGD band, respectively. The studied design has notable advantages in term of NGD application integration in the multi-band transceiver system simplicity and size reduction