771 research outputs found
Upstream stimulators for recoding
Journal ArticleRecent progress in elucidation of 5' stimulatory elements for translational recoding is reviewed. A 5' Shine-Dalgarno sequence increases both +l and ? I frameshift efficiency in several genes; examples cited include the E. coli prfB gene encoding release factor 2 and the thuiX gene encoding the y and t subunits of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. The spacing between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the shift site is critical in both the +l and ? 1 frameshift cassettes; however, the optimal spacing is quite different in the two cases. A frameshift in a mammalian chromosomal gene, ornithine decarboxylase antizyme, has recently been reported; 5' sequences have been shown to be vital for this frameshift event. Escherichia coli bacteriophage T4 gene 60 encodes a subunit of its type II DNA topoisomerase. The mature gene 60 mRNA contains an internal 50 nucleotide region that appears to be bypassed during translation. A 16 amino acid domain of the nascent peptide is necessary for this bypass to occur
The Russian Red Cross in the Civil War
The article was submitted on 11.06.2020.На основе российских и зарубежных материалов рассматривается история Российского общества Красного Креста (РОКК) во время Гражданской войны. Приход большевиков к власти привел к распаду РОКК на множество национально-политических ассоциаций, претендовавших на его материальное и символическое наследие. С началом Гражданской войны эти фрагменты РОКК перестали существовать как эффективные здравоохранительные организации. Но осенью 1918 г., когда как войскам, так и мирному населению угрожали эпидемии, пришлось срочно восстановить учреждения РОКК. Благодаря своему опыту и инфраструктуре московское, омское и киевское отделения Красного Креста стали решающими силами в Гражданской войне между Красной армией и белыми армиями Колчака, Деникина, а затем Врангеля. Во многих областях эти отделения Красного Креста заменяли государствo. Они организовывали уход за больными и ранеными, питание и эвакуацию населения. На внешнем фронте их задачей стало возвращение активов бывшего РОКК – оставшихся за рубежом российских военнопленных, а также эксклюзивности эмблем и материального имущества. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что для всего международного движения Красного Креста (Международного комитета Красного Креста и Лиги обществ Красного Креста) Гражданская война в России стала театром современной гуманитарной деятельности, где реализовывались практика и законы, которые еще необходимо было разработать. Гражданская война в России, в которой на первый план выдвигалось гражданское население и где смешивались национальные и международные факторы, стала предвестницей «новых войн» конца XX в.Based on Russian and non-Russian materials, this article examines the history of the Russian Red Cross Society during the Civil War. The ascension of the Bolsheviks to power led to the breakup of the Russian Red Cross Society (RRCS) into a multitude of national and political associations, each claiming its material and symbolic heritage. When the Civil War began, these fragments of the RRCS no longer existed as effective sanitary organisations. But in autumn 1918, as epidemics threatened troops and civil populations alike, RC institutions had to be set up again urgently. In view of their experience and infrastructure, the Moscow, Omsk, and Kiev RC organisations quickly became decisive players in the Civil War with the Red Army and the White armies of Kolchak, Denikin, and Wrangel. In many fields, these RC organisations acted as a substitute for the state. They were responsible for nursing, nutrition, and evacuation. On the external front, the material assets of the former RRC had to be recovered, Russian soldiers arrested abroad assisted, and the exclusivity of the RC emblem defended. In conclusion, this article argues that the Russian Civil War was a dramatic theatre of modern humanitarian action for the entire international RC movement (the International Committee of the Red Cross and the League of Red Cross Societies) in terms of the practices and laws that had to be invented. Given its fragmentary nature, the mix of identity, social, and ideological conflicts, the civilian populations in the foreground, and the intermingling of national and international players, the Russian Civil War was a forerunner of the “new wars” of the late twentieth century
Study of the Gauge Mediation Signal with Non-pointing Photons at the CERN LHC
In this paper we study the gauge mediation signal with the ATLAS detector at
the CERN LHC. We focus on the case where the NLSP is the long-lived lightest
neutralino () which decays dominantly into a photon
() and a gravitino (). A non-pointing photon from the
neutralino decay can be detected with good position and time resolutions by the
electormagnetic calorimeter (ECAL), while the photon momentum would be
precisely measured if the photon is converted inside the inner tracking
detector before reaching the ECAL. A new technique is developed to determine
the masses of the slepton () and the neutralino from events with
a lepton and a converted non-pointing photon arising from the cascade decay
. A Monte Carlo
simulation at a sample point shows that the masses would be measured with an
error of 3% for (100) selected pairs. Once the sparticle
masses are determined by this method, the decay time and momentum of the
neutralino are solved using the ECAL data and the lepton momentum only, for all
pairs without the photon conversion. We estimate the sensitivity
to the neutralino lifetime for cm to (10) m.Comment: 19 page, 7 figures, revte
Anomaly candidates and invariants of D=4, N=1 supergravity theories
All anomaly candidates and the form of the most general invariant local
action are given for old and new minimal supergravity, including the cases
where additional Yang--Mills and chiral matter multiplets are present.
Furthermore nonminimal supergravity is discussed. In this case local
supersymmetry itself may be anomalous and some of the corresponding anomaly
candidates are given explicitly. The results are obtained by solving the
descent equations which contain the consistency equation satisfied by
integrands of anomalies and invariant actions.Comment: 19 pages, LaTex, NIKHEF-H 93-12, ITP-UH 07/9
Non-Minimal and Non-Universal Supersymmetry
I motivate and discuss non-minimal and non-universal models of supersymmetry
and supergravity consistent with string unification at GeV.Comment: 10 pages, Latex. Plenary talk given at 6th Workshop in High Energy
Physics Phenomenology (WHEPP 6), Chennai (Madras), India, 3-15 Jan 200
Fitting Neutrino Physics with a U(1)_R Lepton Number
We study neutrino physics in the context of a supersymmetric model where a
continuous R-symmetry is identified with the total Lepton Number and one
sneutrino can thus play the role of the down type Higgs. We show that
R-breaking effects communicated to the visible sector by Anomaly Mediation can
reproduce neutrino masses and mixing solely via radiative contributions,
without requiring any additional degree of freedom. In particular, a relatively
large reactor angle (as recently observed by the Daya Bay collaboration) can be
accommodated in ample regions of the parameter space. On the contrary, if the
R-breaking is communicated to the visible sector by gravitational effects at
the Planck scale, additional particles are necessary to accommodate neutrino
data.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures; v2: references added, constraints updated,
overall conclusions unchange
New Collider Bound on Light Gravitino Mass
In supergravity theories with a very light gravitino, the gluino decays
dominantly to a gluon and a gravitino. This results in a much larger missing
for the multijet final states in hadronic colliders. We use the latest
Tevatron data for the multijet final states to set a new absolute lower bound
of 3.0 x 10^{-13} GeV for the light gravitino mass.Comment: 9 pages, Latex, macros and 2 figures not include
How Many Supersymmetries?
Supersymmetry in the gauge sector could be realized as N=1 or N=2
Supersymmetry, but the current LHC searches assume an N=1 realization. In this
paper we show that squarks could be as light as few hundreds of GeV for N=2. We
also describe an experimental procedure to count the number of supersymmetries,
i.e. to distinguish between N=1 and N=2 supersymmetry, based on counting bins
with different jet multiplicities and number of leptons.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Formal comparison of SUSY in the nuclear U(6/2) model and in quantum field theory
A nuclear physics example of the U(6/2) supersymmetry group is considered. It
is shown that this group contains a supersymmetric subgroup with a structure
similar to the SUSY model of the quantum field theory (QFT). A comparison of
two models help to clarify the relation between the supersymmetry schemes of
QFT and of nuclear physics. Using this similarity a relation between the
numbers of the bosonic and fermionic states similar to the fundamental relation
in QFT is obtained. For those supermultiplets with at least two fermions the
number of the bosonic and fermionic states are equal as in QFT.Comment: 11 pages and one eps-figure. Phys.Rev.C (1999) in pres
Chaotic inflation and supersymmetry breaking
We investigate the recently proposed class of chaotic inflation models in
supergravity with an arbitrary inflaton potential. These models are extended to
include matter fields in the visible sector and we employ a mechanism of SUSY
breaking based on a particular phenomenological version of the KKLT mechanism
(the KL model). We describe specific features of reheating in this class of
models and show how one can solve the cosmological moduli and gravitino
problems in this context.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
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