The Successful Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Induced Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage

Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is a catastrophic pulmonary complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. It can result in refractory hypoxaemia despite mechanical ventilation. Increasing lung compliance and worsening pulmonary hypertension can potentiate cardiogenic shock from acute right ventricular failure. In such patients with cardiopulmonary collapse, veno-arterial (V-A) ECMO maybe a viable option that can provide the required haemodynamic support. However, the use of V-A ECMO in such patients is limited due to an associated increased risk of bleeding. Our case report describes the successful use of V-A ECMO without the use of systemic anticoagulation in a patient with DAH. Despite the absence of systemic anticoagulation, no thrombotic complications within the circuit were noted

TRADITIONAL TO RECENT APPROACHES IN HERBAL MEDICINE THERAPY OF COVID-19

Coronavirus pneumonia disease (COVID-19) is a newly identified coronavirus strain that causes symptoms ranging from cold-like signs to deaths that reached millions around the world. Until this time, there is no approved vaccine has been invented for clinical use, therefore, developing an effective program for therapy is of high priority to save the lives of patients and protect others from being infected. Nature resembles a huge reservoir of anti-infectious compounds, from which innovative ideas, therapies, and products can be deduced. Chinese herbal medicine had succeeded in the treatment of other coronavirus pneumonia such as SARS, MERS and, H7N9 avian influenza which gives us hope to find the targeted remedy in the traditionally used natural herbs consumed by natives from different regions. This work aims to highlight the use of natural traditional remedies to treat viral pneumonia. This systematic review will include studies of the effects of traditional herbal medicine and its role in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Although promising results were obtained in many cases, but, only a few studies reported the fractional characterization of bioactive principles and/or mechanisms of action. It is requested that pharmaceutical industries, government agencies, and the scientific community will have a gaze at some of these plants for future research and, to find a potential drug candidates for the development of anti-SARSCoV-2 therapeutics in the near future.                          Peer Review History: Received: 6 September 2020; Revised: 10 October; Accepted: 25 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected] Prof. Dr. Amani S. Awaad, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj. KSA. [email protected] Similar Articles: EUCALYPTUS ESSENTIAL OIL; AN OFF-LABEL USE TO PROTECT THE WORLD FROM COVID-19 PANDEMIC: REVIEW-BASED HYPOTHESES THE RISKS AND ADVANTAGES OF ANTI-DIABETES THERAPY IN THE POSITIVE COVID-19 PATIEN

Treatability Study of Car Wash Wastewater Using Upgraded Physical Technique with Sustainable Flocculant

Grease, oil, hydrocarbon residues, heavy metals, and surfactants are all present in car wash wastewater (CWW), which all can have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. This study was designed to assess CWW treatment using an upgraded physical technique combined with a range of conventional and more sustainable coagulants. Physical treatment effectively lowered the oil and grease (O&G) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the CWW by 79 ± 15% and 97 ± 1.6%, respectively. Additional treatment was provided using chemical coagulation–flocculation– settling. In jar test studies, humic acid (HA) and alum were found to provide significantly higher turbidity removal, 79.2 ± 3.1% and 69.8 ± 8.0%, respectively, than anionic polyacrylamide (APA), 7.9 ± 5.6% under influent turbidity values from 89 to 1000 NTU. Overall physical/chemical treatment of CWW yielded 97.3 ± 0.8% COD removal, and 99.2 ± 0.4% O&G removal using HA and alum. Due to the numerous problems created when using synthetic coagulants, naturally occurring coagulants that have no impact on human health, such as HA, are highly desirable options. The findings of this study show that treating CWW provides several advantages for sustainable development, health and well-being, and raising public knowledge and support for water reuse

賢明な決定に関与する眼窩前頭皮質活動の同定と操作

富山大学・富生命博甲第152号・Mostafa Mohamed Reda Mohamed Fayed・2023/03/23・★論文非公開★富山大

Influence of Thermal Post-Processing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of the Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 Superalloy using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process

In an attempt to improve the performance of the additively manufactured (AM) Inconel 718 (IN718) superalloy, a typical material widely used for turbine engine components in the aerospace and energy industries, the current work studies the effect of thermal post-processing on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the AM IN718. Additive manufacturing and, in particular, the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of IN718 offers several advantages over the conventionally manufactured IN718 (cast and wrought). However, the existence of some inherited manufacturing defects in the as-printed parts presents an obstacle to produce components with specifications that meet the design requirements. Thus, post-heat treatment of LPBF printed IN718 is an essential and integral part of the industrial operations to mitigate these drawbacks. For this purpose, in the present study, a heat treatment time window, including a wide time range of homogenization (at 1080°C; 1 to 7h) and solution (at 980°C; 15 to 60 min) treatments, is established to study the effects of the treatments time on the microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature (RT) and at 650°C of the LPBF printed IN718 parts. The results demonstrate that the 1h homogenization treatment is not enough to significantly change the as-printed grain structure, the strong crystallographic texture and to annihilate the primary dislocation tangles. However, a completely recrystallized IN718 material with non-distinct texture and stress relived grains are obtained after 4h. A further increase in the homogenization time to 7h results in grain growth as well as greater and coarser MC carbides. Therefore, the increase in the homogenization time from 1 up to 7h results in a progressive decrease in the mechanical properties at RT and at 650°C. For the solution treatment, the treatment time does not cause a noticeable change in the grain structure and material texture but significantly affects the precipitation amount of δ-phase. The role of the solution time in the improvement of the mechanical properties at 650°C is crucial due to the increase in the grain boundary strength through the pinning effect of δ-phase. Based on the results obtained at different treatment time, a multi-objective optimization is employed to tune homogenization and solution time and achieve the optimum heat treatments that can fulfill the required mechanical properties and material texture. The results show that, after the conditions which include 2.5 and 4h homogenization treatment at 1080°C followed by 1h solution at 980°C and standard aging treatments (2.5H/1S and 4H/1S), a significant improvement in the mechanical properties at RT and 650°C is observed, compared with the wrought IN718. Furthermore, after the 4H/1S condition, a good balance between the strength and ductility is obtained at RT. To assess the thermal stability of the obtained optimum heat treatments during the in-service conditions, the as-printed, 2.5H/1S and 4H/1S conditions are subjected to thermal cycling similar to what is encountered in the aircraft turbine engines for long periods up to 3000h. The results reveal that the 4H/1S condition possesses higher thermal stability over the in-service exposure than the as-printed and 2.5H/1S conditions, as a relatively lower strength loss of 3.3% is counted for the 4H/1S condition after 3000h thermal exposure, while for the as printed and 2.5H/1S conditions, strength loss of 7.4 and 5.3%, respectively, are counted. Furthermore, the 4H/1S treatment results in delaying the deterioration of material strength for longer thermal exposure time (after 2000h), whereas the 2.5H/1S treatment results in deterioration of the material strength after only 1000h thermal exposure due to the retarded phase transformation of the metastable γ″ into more stable δ-phase within grains interior in the former treatment

Descriptive study of organ donation and hanging in Australia and New Zealand between 2006 and 2015

INTRODUCTION: The annual incidence of hanging in Australia & New Zealand had increased in the past decade, with an increasing number of such patients appearing to become organ donors. The rates of organ donation following death due to hanging is unknown and the characteristics of this cohort of donors have not been previously described. METHODS: The Australia and New Zealand Organ Donor (ANZOD) registry donor data (2006 - 2015), was analysed, to describe the cohort of donors following hanging, in comparison to other donors. RESULTS: During the study period, both the number and proportion of donors due to hanging have increased between 2006 - 2015. The probability that a victim of hanging would become an organ donor progressively increased from 0.5% to 3%. Compared to other donor groups, the donor population due to hanging is younger (median age 30 years Vs. 50 years), with less co-morbidities, but a higher incidence of smoking. There is no significant difference in the proportion who indicated a prior intent to donate between post-hanging donors (34%) and other donors (38%). A higher proportion of donors post hanging donated via the Donation after circulatory death (DCD) pathway (36.28%) compared to donors with other causes of death (24.2%). Patients in the post hanging cohort donated an average of 4.19 organs, compared to 3.62 organs in the other donor cohort. CONCLUSIONS: It is expected that this retrospective analysis will better inform clinical decision making surrounding organ donation, including consenting approaches while providing care to the patients and families in this challenging group with a high organ donation potential, as demonstrated in this study. Further investigation is required to determine which aspects of health care influence the donation rates in victims of hanging and the outcomes from transplanted organs

Reflex Anuria: A Complication of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

Reflex anuria (RA) is a rare cause of abrupt reduction of urine output following trauma, irritation, or painful stimuli to the kidneys, ureters, or surrounding organs. The mechanism of RA is a reflex spasm of both ureters and/or renal arterioles. It is a well-documented complication of colorectal surgeries and gynecological surgeries which involve placement of a ureteric stent for ureteric identification and prevention of injury. RA and post-renal obstruction can both be complications of intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients who are undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer and peritoneal carcinomatosis. HIPEC procedure can lead to inflammation of the entire abdomen, including the ureters. This inflammation can result in hematuria that can form clots along the urinary tract and cause post-renal obstruction. The inflammation can also result in RA. It is essential to maintain high urine output during the early postoperative period to prevent clots and the ensuing post renal obstruction. It is also important to identify RA and maintain a low threshold to treat it by placing ureteric stents even in the absence of overt bilateral hydronephrosis

Mixing Within Patterned Vortex Core

The video shows the flow dynamics within inner and outer regions of a vortex core. The observed phenomena mimic a transport process occurring within the Antarctic vortex. The video shows two distinct regions: a strongly mixed core and broad ring of weakly mixed region extending out the vortex core boundaries. The two regions are separated by a thin layer that isolates the weakly and strongly mixed regions; this thin layer behaves as barrier to the mixing of the two regions. The video shows that the barriers deplete when a swirl of the vortex core increases and the vortex core espouses a triangular pattern.Comment: 62nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics Vide

Role of Imaging Studies in Evaluating Patients Post Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

A 77-year-old male presented to the ED with a new onset of acute abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He had a previous surgical history of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for an appendiceal tumor. Despite the repeated reassuring abdominal examinations, CT abdomen showed high-grade bowel obstruction and perforation. He was urgently taken to the operating room and underwent resection of 70 cm segment of small ischemic bowel with primary anastomosis. His postoperative course was complicated with atrial fibrillation (AF) requiring cardioversion and medical therapy. Later, he was discharged home under stable conditions. Relying on abdominal signs, an abdominal exam in a patient with a previous history of extensive peritonectomy and post-HIPEC surgery is challenging due to the altered peritoneal anatomy. As a result, the abdominal examination findings can be benign and misleading. This can lead to delayed surgical intervention, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality significantly. Therefore, a detailed evaluation with a low threshold for abdominal imaging studies like abdominal X-rays and CT abdomen series is warranted in this subset of patients

ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND BIOCONTROL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN KARIESH CHEESE BY BACTEIOPHAGE

The study aims to assess the possibility of biological control on one of the most serious pathogenic microbes that found to infect Kariesh cheese, namely Salmonella typhimurium.  To achieve this object, firstly a total of 20 Kariesh cheese samples were collected randomly from various markets located at Cairo and exposed to microbiological isolation and identification of S. typhimurium. The obtained results revealed that, S. typhimurium was detected in 30% of surveyed market Kariesh cheese according to the strain identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Secondary, five sewage water samples were obtained from Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., and Shoubra EL-Kheima station of drinking and sewage water for specific bacteriophage isolation and morphology particles of Salmonella bacteriophage was examined by transmission electron microscope. Third, pasteurized skimmed buffalo’s milk was converted into experimental Kariesh cheese at 40oC by milk inoculation with 2% of freshly activated yoghurt bacterial starter culture and then milk was divided into 5 equal portions. The 1st portion considered as control. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th portions were contaminated with equal level (1%) of S. typhimurium suspension containing 105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL, previously isolated from foregoing surveyed Kariesh cheese samples, followed by adding phage suspension,  from which isolated from sewage water, containing 108 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL at the levels of nil, 1, 2 and 3% respectively. All portions were separately incubated at the same temperature up to curdling. The curds were cut and individually filled into stainless steel moulds lined with cheese cloth and consolidated by a slight pressure for 24 h. The blocks of curd were then cut, dry salted using 2% NaCl (w/w) and packaged into plastic containers.  Experimentally, there were proportional reductions in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population as the level of phage spiked into cheese milk increased, as which the reduction rate of LAB count during cold storage period (CSP) prolonging was however declined.    In terms of health safety, although the number of pathogen microbe added was gradually reduced due to the acid developed by prolonging the Cold Storage Period in the absence of phage, but it stilled present until the end of experimental period. While, the pathogen was completely eliminated within 7 days of cheese age when the phage suspension (108 PFU/mL) has been spiked at the level of 1% at least.  The contamination of experimental Kariesh cheese with S. typhimurium led to weaken the ability of cheese curd to drain whey as explained from the dry matter (DM) content which decreased due to the presence of pathogen and increased by the pathogen elimination with bacteriophage, which resulted also to increase the protein /DM content. The ash content reduced by both reasons, namely the contamination with S. typhimurium and/or the spiking level of phage suspension. The presence of S. typhimurium slowed the LAB population and acid production by them. Finally, as a conclusion, the spiking of Kariesh cheese milk with 1% Salmonella typhimurium phage suspension (108 PFU/mL) is quite enough to eliminate this microorganism when it present at the level of 1% suspension containing  105 CFU /mL