Numerical Solutions for the Time and Space Fractional Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

We implement relatively analytical techniques, the homotopy perturbation method, and variational iteration method to find the approximate solutions for time and space fractional Benjamin-Bona Mahony equation. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. These methods are used in applied mathematics to obtain the analytic approximate solutions for the nonlinear Bejamin-Bona Mahoney (BBM) partial fractional differential equation. We compare between the approximate solutions obtained by these methods. Also, we present the figures to compare between the approximate solutions. Also, we use the fractional complex transformation to convert nonlinear partial fractional differential equations to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. We use the improved -expansion function method to find exact solutions of nonlinear fractional BBM equation

An analytical study of themes in the poetry of Ma'ruf al-Rusafi

Ma'ruf al-Rusafi, the distinguished Iraqi poet, was born in Baghdad in 1875 and died there on the sixteenth of March, 1945. He became a member of the al-Mab'uthan Council, he was several times in the Iraqi parliament, he lectured in Arabic Literature, and was unemployed for a long period during the last part of his life, when he had great difficulty in earning his living. Because he was frank, free-minded, ambitious, pure and dignified, he was subjected to continual attack by the rulers, religious leaders and conservatives, and consequently he lived a troubled and changeable life. This coloured his poetry with melancholy. His poetry was a complete record of the intellectual developments, social changes, economic problems, political events and literary currents of the time, in Iraq particularly, and in the Arab and Muslim World generally. His Diwan (in two volumes) contains three hundred and fifty poems. Some further political and social poems and his poems for children were not included in this Diwan. He also composed another Diwan, Al-gnl'r al-Makshuf, consisting mostly of erotic poems, which is not published yet. His poetical manner generally was smooth, easy, clear, expressive and eloquent. He believed that art has a goal, and that the real function of literature in any nation is to illustrate the ideal principles to the new generation, to awaken the national consciousness, and to encourage belief in progress. He therefore gave great attention to tile content of his poems and tried to avoid rhetorical devices. He was a modem poet in his poetical objectives, clear expression and unified poems, and a traditional poet in the form of Ms poetry using metre and rhyme. Although the tried to avoid the use of obscure words and repetition, his poetry contained some of both. It also contained many rhetorical devices, reminiscences of and quotations from earlier poets, proverbs and sayings. His poetry for children was distinguished by its clearness, easiness, simple words and particular poetical music. Al-Rusafi was influenced by Turkish literature and Western literary currents, reflecting some of the new scientific theories in his poetry. He composed in different genres of poetry: Social, Political, Description, Elegy, Panegyric, Satire, Nasib and Fakhr. But the most important parts of his Diwan were the Social and Political genres. In his Social poetry, he tried to direct people's attention to the great importance of Education and knowledge in the progress of any nation. He also tried to point out the importance of Work, National unity. Social equality, Charitable works and the Emancipation of women. He recalled earlier glory of the Muslims and Arabs in order to urge people to regain it. He was a humanitarian poet, took a special interest in the miserable, and called for aid for them as being human and the victims of society. In his political poetry, under the Ottoman Empire, he demanded Individual Freedom for each country within the group, so that they might obtain their political rights through a representative government working under a constitution and might obtain their rights of Freedom of publication and thought, both of which were limited by the law. After 1911, and with the increase of Western control of the Arab and Muslim countries, he demanded Independence for these countries. When the British occupied Iraq, he devoted his poetry to attacking them and demanding their evacuation, and to persuading the people of Iraq to pursue full independence. He continually advocated the formation of a nationalist government, and he always exposed the antinational policies that were followed by the native governments, believing that these were the agents of the British. Al-Rusafi was a great believer in Peace and the importance of Unity between the Arab countries in all aspects. His Descriptive poetry was distinguished by its completeness and accuracy, and by being linked with his humanitarian feelings. He described nature, modern inventions, calamities, and places of entertainment, In Elegy, he demonstrated his feelings towards his friends and contemporary poets, his faithfulness to his teachers and his patriotic consciousness. He used Panegyric to praise men for the benefits they confirmed on the people, not to flatter them for his own profit. He tried to avoid Satire and when he did use it he did not use it in a painful manner. M-Nasib poetry is very infrequent in his Diwan, and he imitated classical models. Al-Rusafi was proud of his own poetical skill and his striking personality, but he acknowledged the poetical talents of others as well

The loss of the vocalic case markers and its consequences on surfacing complexity :postulating phonological and morphological change in the Arabic language

PhD ThesisThis thesis examines the loss of case markers in Arabic. It provides a morphophonological investigation assuming there are consequences for losing the vocalic case markers in Arabic. The main consequence is the innovation of the CVCC syllable type in Arabic. The investigation focuses on trilateral nominal that consists underlyingly of فؼًْ CVCC. In its nature, it is a diachronic-synchronic examination that was undertaken upon finding a research gap in literatures. The rationale for conducting this investigation is the evident parallel in the phonological function and the locus between the lost vocalic short markers and the modern epenthetic vowels. In addition to the morpho-syntactical function, case markers in Arabic phonologically prevent final-clusters from surfacing in CVCC underlying sequences. Since modern Arabic dialects lost the vocalic case markers it is expected that they manifest final consonantal clusters on the surface of such nominal underlying CVCC sequences. However, contrary to this expectation, an epenthesis process, which has captured a synchronic interest from phonologists, occurs in the dialects preventing the realization of CVCC syllable type. Notably, no investigation was done to examine the possibility that this epenthesis originated due to the loss of the markers even though phonologists realized that the epenthesis is provoked to prevent the final-clusters from surfacing. This study contributes towards understanding: (i) the loss of the vocalic markers, (ii) the raise of the modern epenthesis and (iii) the innovation the superheavy syllable type CVCC in Arabic. Moreover, a goal in this study is to present an account for the data within a moraic approach in a framework that characteristically captures generalizations through a ranking for constraints in different levels. The account for data in this thesis is through the tools of the Stratal version of Optimality Theory

Osteoarticular tuberculosis of the right foot: a diagnostic delayed

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) involving the musculoskeletal system occurs in approximately 1% to 3% of patients with extrapulmonary TB. Concurrent pulmonary or intrathoracic TB is present in less than 50% of cases.1 Spine is the most frequent site of osseous tuberculous involvement. Other affected sites include the hip, knee, foot, elbow, hand, and bursal sheaths.2 Tuberculosis of the foot and ankle remains anuncommon site of the infection, present in 8% to 10% of osteoarticular infection. The diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis is often delayed due to a lack of familiarity with the disease.3 We describe a patient with foot pain and swelling without any respiratory symptom as initial presentation of pulmonary and osteoarticular tuberculosi

Exact Solutions for Nonlinear Differential Difference Equations in Mathematical Physics

We modified the truncated expansion method to construct the exact solutions for some nonlinear differential difference equations in mathematical physics via the general lattice equation, the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger with a saturable nonlinearity, the quintic discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation, and the relativistic Toda lattice system. Also, we put a rational solitary wave function method to find the rational solitary wave solutions for some nonlinear differential difference equations. The proposed methods are more effective and powerful to obtain the exact solutions for nonlinear difference differential equations

Amelioration effect of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid on methylation inhibitors in hepatocarcinogenesis -induced by diethylnitrosamine

Aimsuppression of methylation inhibitors (epigenetic genes) in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine using glycyrrhetinic acid.MethodIn the current work, we investigated the effect of sole GA combined with different agents such as doxorubicin (DOX) or probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamanosus) against hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine to improve efficiency. The genomic DNA was isolated from rats’ liver tissues to evaluate either methylation-sensitive or methylation-dependent resection enzymes. The methylation activity of the targeting genes DLC-1, TET-1, NF-kB, and STAT-3 was examined using specific primers and cleaved DNA products. Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to determine the protein expression profiles of DLC-1 and TET-1 in treated rats’ liver tissue.ResultsOur results demonstrated the activity of GA to reduce the methylation activity in TET-1 and DLC-1 by 33.6% and 78%, respectively. As compared with the positive control. Furthermore, the association of GA with DOX avoided the methylation activity by 88% and 91% for TET-1 and DLC-1, respectively, as compared with the positive control. Similarly, the combined use of GA with probiotics suppressed the methylation activity in the TET-1 and DLC-1 genes by 75% and 81% for TET-1 and DLC-1, respectively. Also, GA and its combination with bacteria attenuated the adverse effect in hepatocarcinogenesis rats by altering potential methylomic genes such as NF-kb and STAT3 genes by 76% and 83%, respectively.ConclusionGA has an ameliorative effect against methylation inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by decreasing the methylation activity genes

The Effect of Universal Influenza Immunization on Mortality and Health Care Use

Comparing influenza-related mortality and health care use between Ontario and other Canadian provinces, Jeffrey Kwong and colleagues find evidence that Ontario's universal vaccination program has reduced the burden of influenza