La fusion des médiathèques de Thann et Cernay

Au 1er janvier 2013, les deux communautés de communes du Pays de Thann et de Cernay et Environs fusionnaient pour former la nouvelle communauté de communes de Thann-Cernay : 17 communes, 37 694 hab

Around Maritime beaker: the vases à cordon, linear beakers and épicampaniforme productions in north‑western France

The definition of a ceramic production is a major challenge in archaeology, it must regularly be interrogated and updated. The case of the Bell Beaker phenomenon in Northwestern France give an obvious example: if observations focus on a typological study according to a bibliographical approach then the proposed classification show a relative monotony of the decorations on ceramic productions. A technological approach allows to go deeper into the question and go beyond this limit by bringing new elements to the debate: decoration techniques, firing process or building techniques to name only the most important criteria. Technological approach enriches the debate, allowing to decompose the different stream of influence that may have been observed on a vase or a ceramic tradition. It thus offers a study protocol capable of identifying more clearly the technical transfers, influences, copies and borrowings that punctuate the evolution of ceramic styles. We propose to combine typological, technological analysis and context review to formalize or redefine certain ceramic productions of northwestern France with diffuse boundaries dated to the second half of the third millennium. We will focus in particular on three types of vases: the vases à cordon, linear and linear beaker with grups of line and finally “épicampaniforme” vases. Questioning these productions makes it possible to weigh the various underlying social and economic implications of theses productions, to compare them with others well-identified productions such as maritime beakers or vases belonging to the dotted-geometric style. This will ultimately allow us to discuss the relationships between productions, and the validity of certain key concepts of Campaniforme.La définition d’une production céramique est un enjeu majeur en archéologie, elle doit régulièrement être interrogée et actualisée. Le cas du phénomène campaniforme dans le nord-ouest de la France en fournit un exemple flagrant : si les observations se bornent à une étude typologique d’après une approche bibliographique alors les classements proposés montrent une relative monotonie des décors sur les productions céramiques. Une approche technologique permet d’approfondir la question et de dépasser cette limite en apportant de nouveaux éléments de réflexion : techniques de décorations, de cuisson ou de montage des vases pour ne citer que les critères les plus importants. L’approche technologique enrichit la discussion, elle permet de décomposer les différents courants d’influence ayant pu être observés sur un vase ou une tradition céramique. Elle offre ainsi un protocole d’étude à même d’identifier plus clairement les transferts techniques, les influences, copies et emprunts qui rythment l’évolution des styles céramiques. Nous nous proposons de coupler analyse typologique, technologique et relecture de contextes pour formaliser ou redéfinir certaines productions céramiques du nord-ouest de la France aux contours diffus datés de la seconde moitié du troisième millénaire. Nous nous concentrerons particulièrement sur trois types de vases : les vases à cordon, les gobelets à décor linéaires et linéaires à bandes réservées et enfin les vases épicampaniformes. Interroger ces productions permet de mesurer les diverses implications sociales et économiques sous-jacentes à ces productions, de les comparer aux autres productions bien identifiées comme les gobelets maritime ou les vases du style du pointillé-géométrique. Ce qui permettra au final de discuter des rapports entre productions, et de la validité de certains concepts clefs du Campaniforme

Autour du gobelet maritime : les vases à cordon, gobelets linéaires et productions épicampaniformes du nord‑ouest de la France

La définition d’une production céramique est un enjeu majeur en archéologie, elle doit régulièrement être interrogée et actualisée. Le cas du phénomène campaniforme dans le nord-ouest de la France en fournit un exemple flagrant : si les observations se bornent à une étude typologique d’après une approche bibliographique alors les classements proposés montrent une relative monotonie des décors sur les productions céramiques. Une approche technologique permet d’approfondir la question et de dépasser cette limite en apportant de nouveaux éléments de réflexion : techniques de décorations, de cuisson ou de montage des vases pour ne citer que les critères les plus importants. L’approche technologique enrichit la discussion, elle permet de décomposer les différents courants d’influence ayant pu être observés sur un vase ou une tradition céramique. Elle offre ainsi un protocole d’étude à même d’identifier plus clairement les transferts techniques, les influences, copies et emprunts qui rythment l’évolution des styles céramiques. Nous nous proposons de coupler analyse typologique, technologique et relecture de contextes pour formaliser ou redéfinir certaines productions céramiques du nord-ouest de la France aux contours diffus datés de la seconde moitié du troisième millénaire. Nous nous concentrerons particulièrement sur trois types de vases : les vases à cordon, les gobelets à décor linéaires et linéaires à bandes réservées et enfin les vases épicampaniformes. Interroger ces productions permet de mesurer les diverses implications sociales et économiques sous-jacentes à ces productions, de les comparer aux autres productions bien identifiées comme les gobelets maritime ou les vases du style du pointillé-géométrique. Ce qui permettra au final de discuter des rapports entre productions, et de la validité de certains concepts clefs du Campaniforme.The definition of a ceramic production is a major challenge in archaeology, it must regularly be interrogated and updated. The case of the Bell Beaker phenomenon in Northwestern France give an obvious example: if observations focus on a typological study according to a bibliographical approach then the proposed classification show a relative monotony of the decorations on ceramic productions. A technological approach allows to go deeper into the question and go beyond this limit by bringing new elements to the debate: decoration techniques, firing process or building techniques to name only the most important criteria. Technological approach enriches the debate, allowing to decompose the different stream of influence that may have been observed on a vase or a ceramic tradition. It thus offers a study protocol capable of identifying more clearly the technical transfers, influences, copies and borrowings that punctuate the evolution of ceramic styles. We propose to combine typological, technological analysis and context review to formalize or redefine certain ceramic productions of northwestern France with diffuse boundaries dated to the second half of the third millennium. We will focus in particular on three types of vases: the vases à cordon, linear and linear beaker with grups of line and finally “épicampaniforme” vases. Questioning these productions makes it possible to weigh the various underlying social and economic implications of theses productions, to compare them with others well-identified productions such as maritime beakers or vases belonging to the dotted-geometric style. This will ultimately allow us to discuss the relationships between productions, and the validity of certain key concepts of Campaniforme

Development of a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) 31,918-feature microarray: identification of reference genes and tissue-enriched expression patterns

Background: Research using the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas as a model organism has experienced rapid growth in recent years due to the development of high-throughput molecular technologies. As many as 56,268 EST sequences have been sequenced to date, representing a genome-wide resource that can be used for transcriptomic investigations. Results: In this paper, we developed a Pacific oyster microarray containing oligonucleotides representing 31,918 transcribed sequences selected from the publicly accessible GigasDatabase. This newly designed microarray was used to study the transcriptome of male and female gonads, mantle, gills, posterior adductor muscle, visceral ganglia, hemocytes, labial palps and digestive gland. Statistical analyses identified genes differentially expressed among tissues and clusters of tissue-enriched genes. These genes reflect major tissue-specific functions at the molecular level, such as tissue formation in the mantle, filtering in the gills and labial palps, and reproduction in the gonads. Hierarchical clustering predicted the involvement of unannotated genes in specific functional pathways such as the insulin/NPY pathway, an important pathway under study in our model species. Microarray data also accurately identified reference genes whose mRNA level appeared stable across all the analyzed tissues. Adp-ribosylation factor 1 9arf1) appeared to be the most robust reference for normalizing gene expression data across different tissues and is therefore proposed as a relevant reference gene for further gene expression analysis in the Pacific oyster. Conclusions: This study provides a new transcriptomic tool for studies of oyster biology, which will help in the annotation of its genome and which identifies candidate reference genes for gene expression analysis

Dynamics of the cavitation precessing vortex rope for Francis turbines at part load operating conditions

The massive penetration of the existing electrical grid by renewable energy sources requires a continuous extension of the operating range of hydroelectric powerplants, which can lead to cavitation flow instabilities inducing undesirable mechanical vibrations and large fluctuations of pressure and output power, putting at risk the structural integrity of the machine and ultimately the grid stability. A typical example is the development of a cavitation precessing vortex rope at the outlet of a Francis turbine runner operating at part load conditions. It acts as an excitation source for the hydraulic system, leading to the propagation of pressure fluctuations in the hydraulic circuit which are greatly amplified in case of resonance. Therefore, the assessment of the stability of hydropower plants operating at part load is crucial in order to ensure the safe extension of their operating range. The accurate prediction and transposition of pressure fluctuations from the model scale to the prototype scale by means of one-dimensional hydro-acoustic models represents a major challenge, as the physical mechanisms driving the excitation source and its interaction with the hydraulic system remain partially unclear. The main objective of this research work is to experimentally investigate the influence of the operating conditions on the dynamics of the cavitation precessing vortex rope and the excitation source it induces, as well as the interaction with the system. The test-case is a reduced scale physical model of a Francis turbine, accurately reproducing the behaviour of a real size machine. Experimental investigations include study of the flow field in the draft tube cone by means of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV), high-speed visualizations of the cavitation vortex and pressure measurements performed at various part load operating conditions, including cavitation-free and cavitation conditions. PIV measurements of the tangential flow field in the draft tube cone in cavitation-free conditions highlight the influence of the flow discharge on the vortex characteristics in terms of trajectory, circulation and structure, as well as the link between the vortex dynamics and the intensity of the excitation source. The effect of cavitation on the vortex rope dynamics and its interaction with the surrounding system is also studied, with a particular focus on resonance conditions. Flow velocity measurements performed for different values of the Thoma number reveal that the axial and tangential velocity fields in the draft tube cone are not impacted by the propagation of large synchronous pressure fluctuations. Among the other observations is a phenomenon of frequency lock-in between the excitation source and the system's oscillations occurring for low values of the Froude number. This phenomenon is assumed to be a consequence of the non-linear coupling taking place in resonance conditions between the excitation source and the oscillation of the cavitation volume. Finally, it is shown that the convective component of the pressure fluctuations at the precession frequency represents the main source of mechanical excitation for the runner

OS BASTIDORES DA METROPOLE Madeira: do recurso ao material. Um conjunto de visibilidade escolhido "

International audienceA madeira contribui na visibilidade e simboliza uma certa ideia de sustentabilidade; de um lado, esse material é adornado de todas as virtudes frente às mudanças climáticas, de outro, é considerado como uma maneira de mobilizar recursos “locais”, e, então, forma de encarnar uma certa economia circular (mobilização de competências locais, busca de novos horizontes para territórios que podem sofrer desindustrialização, declínio demográfico…). No entanto, o material provém de um recurso e de um sistema sociotécnico, invisível à olho nu, podendo, parcialmente, colocar em questão os pressupostos da cidade sustentável. O artigo explora essas tensões, enquanto analisa dois experimentos na região da Alsácia

Experimental Identification and Study of Hydraulic Resonance Test Rig with Francis Turbine operating at Partial Load

Resonance in hydraulic systems is characterized by pressure fluctuations of high amplitude which can lead to undesirable and dangerous effects, such as noise, vibration and structural failure. For a Francis turbine operating at partial load, the cavitating vortex rope developing at the outlet of the runner induces pressure fluctuations which can excite the hydraulic system resonance, leading to undesirable large torque and power fluctuations. At resonant operating points, the prediction of amplitude pressure fluctuations by hydro-acoustic models breaks down and gives unreliable results. A more detailed knowledge of the eigenmodes and a better understanding of phenomenon occurring at resonance could allow improving the hydro-acoustic models prediction. This paper presents an experimental identification of a resonance observed in a close-looped hydraulic system with a Francis turbine reduced scale model operating at partial load. The resonance is excited matching one of the test rig eigenfrequencies with the vortex rope precession frequency. At this point, the hydro-acoustic response of the test rig is studied more precisely and used finally to reproduce the shape of the excited eigenmode

On the physical mechanisms governing self-excited pressure surge in Francis turbines

The required operating range for hydraulic machines is continually extended in an effort to integrate renewable energy sources with unsteady power outputs into the existing electrical grid. The off-design operation however brings forth unfavorable flow patterns in the machine, causing dynamic problems involving cavitation, which may represent a limiting factor to the energy production. In Francis turbines it is observed that the self-excited oscillation of a vortex rope in the draft tube cone prevents the delivery of maximum power when required. This phenomenon is referred to as full load pressure surge and has been the object of extensive research during the past decades. Several contributions deepened its understanding through measurement and simulation of the local flow properties and the global stability parameters. The draft tube pressure level and the runner outlet swirl are identified as key variables in the modelling of the vortex rope dynamics. Recently, a cyclic appearance of blade cavitation has been observed at overload conditions in a multiphase numerical simulation coupling the runner and the draft tube. From the analysis of the simulation it becomes obvious that the cyclic appearance of blade cavitation has a direct effect on the runner outlet swirl, thus introducing an additional interaction mechanism that is not accounted for in formerly published models. For the presented work, the results of this numerical study are confirmed experimentally on a reduced scale model of a Francis turbine. Several wall pressure measurements in the draft tube cone are performed, together with high speed visualizations of the vortex rope and the blade cavitation. The flow swirl is calculated based on Laser Doppler Velocimetry measurements. A possible mechanism explaining the coupling between the self-excited pressure and vortex rope oscillation and the cyclic appearance of the blade cavitation is proposed. Furthermore, the streamwise propagation speed of the flow swirl in the draft tube is calculated. The results offer important insights in the physics of high load pressure surge and contribute to the further development of numerical draft tube flow and stability models

Os bastidores da metropole. Madeira: do recurso ao material. Um conjunto de visibilidade escolhido "

A madeira contribui na visibilidade e simboliza uma certa ideia de sustentabilidade; de um lado, esse material é adornado de todas as virtudes frente às mudanças climáticas, de outro, é considerado como uma maneira de mobilizar recursos “locais”, e, então, forma de encarnar uma certa economia circular (mobilização de competências locais, busca de novos horizontes para territórios que podem sofrer desindustrialização, declínio demográfico…). No entanto, o material provém de um recurso e de um sistema sociotécnico, invisível à olho nu, podendo, parcialmente, colocar em questão os pressupostos da cidade sustentável. O artigo explora essas tensões, enquanto analisa dois experimentos na região da Alsácia