Kernohan’s notch syndrome in acute subdural hematoma: significance of coronal views of computed tomography scan imaging for emergent preoperative diagnosis

Kernohan’s notch has been well studied clinically and pathologically, although radiographic investigation has been rare. Here, we reported a case in which computed tomography scan imaging performed as an important tool for emergent preoperative diagnosis related to unusual neurological deficits appearance (Kernohan's notch syndrome) and evaluation of the treatment outcomes. Acute spontaneus subdural hematoma may rarely cause Kernohan Notch syndrome. The investigation of cerebral peduncles via emergent preoperative head computed tomography scan is useful and could provide an important contribution in preoperative diagnosis related to unusual neurological deficits appearance (Kernohan’s notch syndrome) and evaluation of the treatment and outcome in such cases

Kernohan’s notch syndrome in acute subdural hematoma: significance of coronal views of computed tomography scan imaging for emergent preoperative diagnosis

Kernohan’s notch has been well studied clinically and pathologically, although radiographic investigation has been rare. Here, we reported a case in which computed tomography scan imaging performed as an important tool for emergent preoperative diagnosis related to unusual neurological deficits appearance (Kernohan's notch syndrome) and evaluation of the treatment outcomes. Acute spontaneus subdural hematoma may rarely cause Kernohan Notch syndrome. The investigation of cerebral peduncles via emergent preoperative head computed tomography scan is useful and could provide an important contribution in preoperative diagnosis related to unusual neurological deficits appearance (Kernohan’s notch syndrome) and evaluation of the treatment and outcome in such cases

Expression Malondialdehyde (MDA) of Brain After Injury with the Extract of Kencur (Kaempferia Galanga L): Experimental Study Wistar Rats

Neurological damage in brain injury occurs due to secondary brain injury. Kencur extract has antioxidant potential with total phenolic and flavonoid content including luteolin apigenin and is expected to reduce MDA expression to prevent secondary injury. This study is an experimental laboratory. The treatment of all samples was carried out simultaneously using a post-test-only control group design. Based on the ANOVA test, the significance value of the Kencur extract treatment group was 0.000 (p<0.05) indicating that there was a difference in MDA expression in brain-injured rats without kencur extract with brain-injured rats and given kencur extract. In the 24-hour and 48-hour time groups, a significance value of 0.488 (p> 0.05) showed no significant difference in MDA expression. Then the Kencur extract treatment group with a time group of 0.117 (p> 0.05) showed no significant difference in MDA expression. There was a significant difference in the expression of MDA in brain-injured rats without kencur extract with brain-injured rats and given kencur extract. There were no significant differences in the MDA expression in the 24-hour and 48-hour time groups and the Kencur extract treatment group and the 24-hour and 48-hour time groups

Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylaxis Use in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in Tropical Climate

Deep Vein Trombosis (DVT) is one of the extracranial complications after TBI. Prophylaxis DVT using on TBI reduce incidence and mortality. Climate variants of an area affect the risk of DVT. UV ray increasing synthesis of vitamin D and lowering risk of thrombus fomation. A systematic review and meta-analysis we performed according PRISMA guidelines. A through literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane database. Total 3 publications match study criteria with 178 samples, without 144 samples and 34 samples with prophylaxis. The overall incidence is 5% (0-6.8%), without 6.25% (5.3-6.8%) and with prophylaxis 0%. No reported complications and 100% survival rate. The incidence of DVT in TBI in tropical climate is low on average 5% (0-6.8%). There was no difference in the outcome of DVT in TBI in tropical climate which given and without DVT prophylaxis. Asian races ethnic protective factor and UV ray exposure may contributed to the low of incidence rate. Prevention of DVT is still recommended for the use of prophylaxis, mechanical compression and early mobilization in cases of TBI to prevent the occurrence of DVT

Autograft and Implant Cranioplasty in Pediatric Patients

The use of implants in pediatric cranioplasty is still debatable. Many surgeons prefer to use autologous bone grafts than implants due to previous concerns that implants have a higher risk of infection, allergic response, and are not biocompatible as an autologous bone graft. However, recent studies showed that several implant materials have a similar infection rate following cranioplasty or might be lower compared to autologous bone. Moreover, several studies also reported a high rate of bone flap resorption in autograft cranioplasty, particularly in patients below the age of 8 years, thus requiring revision surgery with an implant as a substitute in most cases. Implant materials also have advantages in several conditions that make them more suitable than autologous bone grafts. This literature review is expected to give information about the type of implant materials that can be used as an alternative to substitute autologous bone grafts in certain conditions

Current Update on Stroke Ischemic Management: Stem Cell as Emerging Therapy

Stroke is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with survivors subjected to long-term disability. Stroke is classified as ischemic and hemorrhagic. 87 % of strokes are classified as ischemic. Except for thrombolytic therapy, there is no established treatment to reduce the neurological deficits caused by an ischemic stroke. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies designed to improve neurological functions after ischemic stroke. Stem cell-based therapies aim to promote neurogenesis and replacement of lost neurons or protect surviving neurons to improve neurological recovery. Further understanding of the mechanisms by which the stem cells exert their beneficial effect could potentially revolutionize the field. The next decade of stem cell research in stroke needs to focus on. Although still in need of exploration, stem cell treatments for stroke may offer ways to protect and replace neurons to improve outcomes for stroke patients