PERBANDINGAN KARAKTER MORFOLOGI DAN MORFOMETRI PADA 7 JENIS KATAK SERASAH (Leptobrachium TSCHUDI) DI INDONESIA

Leptobrachium merupakan salah satu marga yang berasal dari famili megophryidae dikenal sebagai katak serasah atau Litter Frog. Jumlah jenis serta persebaran Leptobrachium yang melimpah di Indonesia memicu kesulitan dalam identifikasi, sehingga penelitian mengenai katak ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana detail marga Leptobrachium di Indonesia. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November – Desember 2016, dilakukan di Laboratorium Herpetologi Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) Bidang Zoologi Cibinong, Bogor. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan program Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) menggunakan software SPSS versi 17. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan karakter morfologi dan karakter morfometri pada 7 jenis Leptobrachium, karakter morfometri pada L. hasseltii (Jawa) dan L. hasseltii (Sumatera) memperlihatkan perbedaan yang sangat signifikan, pada L. abottii dan L. montanum tidak memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan karakter morfometri dan hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya karakter paling kuat pada tiap jenis Leptobrachium. Leptobrachium is one of the genus from family megophryidae, these species was known as the Litter Frog. The number and distribution of Leptobrachium species abundant in Indonesia have been resulted in difficulties on identification, thus this study aims was to determine how the detail of the Leptobrachium in Indonesia. The study was conducted in November – Desember 2016, Laboratory of Herpetology Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) Bidang Zoologi Cibinong, Bogor. This study methods was descriptive performed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) by software SPSS version 17 for all data analysis. The results showed morphology and morphometric differentiation of the 7 Leptobrachium species, morphometric character of L. hasseltii (Jawa) and L. hasseltii (Sumatera) showed a very significant differentiation, L. abottii and L. montanum showed no difference in morphometric character and then the results showed too the strong character of the 7 Leptobrachium species has

STUDY ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF INDONESIAN LITTER FROG (LEPTOBRACHIUM, MEGOPHRYIDAE)

Leptobrachium from Southeast Asian populations previously were recognized as a single speciesLeptobrachium hasseltii Tschudi. Taxonomic reassessment revealed that Leptobrachium consists of somecryptic species due to similarities in their morphological appearance but diverse in molecular characters.Among the Indonesian populations, Leptobrachium was split into seven species (L. hasseltii, L. nigrops,L. waysepuntiense, L. hendricksoni, L. ingeri, L. abbotti, and L. montanum). Specifically, L. hasseltii isseparated into two groups; the Sumatran-Javan and the Bali populations. In this study, we analyzed themorphological data of 100 individuals of Leptobrachium to evaluate their morphological differences.The morphological differences expressed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal componentanalysis (PCA) revealed significant differences between each Leptobrachium and four morphologicalcharacters suitable for species identification (the iris color, color pattern, humeral and femoral gland).The morphological differences also showed that the Bali population probably is undescribed species

KONSUMSI YANG BERTANGGUNG JAWAB DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM

ABSTRAK Salah satu tujuan ekonomi adalah untuk menjelaskan dasar-dasar perilaku konsumen. Pendalaman tentang hukum permintaan dan mengetahui bahwa orang cenderung membeli lebih banyak barang, apabila harga barang itu rendah, begitu sebaliknya. Selain perubahan hukum, selama dekade terakhir banyak perusahaan mulai merasakan dampak dari kekuatan pasar, konsumen telah berubah dari tidak peduli menjadi lebih peduli terhdap lingkungan. Bahkan sekarang, konsumen sering memboikot perilaku yang dihasilkan produsen berdasarkan pelaporan media dan aktivitas kelompok penekan. Hal ini merupakan ancaman yang bersifat mendunia. Mengingat manusia adalah mahluk yang hidup dalam siklus kehidupan denga alam,ahli memprediksikan dengan kondisi tersebut di atas maka dimasa yang akan datang akan terjadi kekacauan dimana minyak bumi dan batubara habis serta cadangan makanan dan air Memahami dampaknya terhadap neraca perdagangan, perekonomian nasional dan industri lokal. Kata Kunci: Konsumsi; ABSTRACT One of the goals of economics is to explain the basics of consumer behavior. Exploration of the law of demand and knowing that people tend to buy more of a good, when the price of the good is low, and vice versa. In addition to legal changes, over the past decade many companies have begun to feel the impact of market forces, consumers have gone from being indifferent to being more concerned about the environment. Even today, consumers often boycott producer-generated behavior based on media reporting and pressure group activity. This is a global threat. Considering that humans are creatures that live in a life cycle with nature, experts predict with the conditions mentioned above that in the future there will be chaos where oil and coal run out as well as food and water reserves Understand the impact on the trade balance, national economy and local industry. Keywords : consumtion

A NEW SITE RECORD OF STRIPED ASIAN TREEFROG (AMPHIBIA: RHACOPHORIDAE: Chirixalus trilaksonoi) FROM SUMATRA, WITH REEVALUATION OF ITS CONSERVATION STATUS

Two of the six Chirixalus species currently known are distributed in Indonesia. Both species are only known to be distributed in Java, and they are Chirixalus trilaksonoi and Chirixalus pantaiselatan. During two field expeditions conducted in 2022 in Palembang, South Sumatra, we encountered several individuals exhibiting morphological similarities to C. trilaksonoi. Subsequent analysis, encompassing molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic, was undertaken to ascertain the identity of these individuals. The analyses outcomes unequivocally confirm that the specimens from Palembang are indeed C. trilaksonoi. Nevertheless, slight variations were observed between the Javanese and Sumatran populations of C. trilaksonoi. These populations exhibited a low genetic distance of 0.6% in mitochondrial DNA and displayed three polymorphic sites. Furthermore, there are slight differences in various morphological characteristics, and in advertising calls. The IUCN red-list status of this species was also evaluated, and based on the available evidence, we propose C. trilaksonoi as Vulnerable according to criteria B1ab(iii). This study stresses the importance of comprehensive taxon studies, especially in neighboring island, and in one biogeographical region