Flood Risk Assessment in Housing under an Urban Development Scheme Simulating Water Flow in Plains

Floods are increasingly occurring around the world more often, this implies analysing the risks connected to both human health and the environment, and to infrastructure and properties. The objective is to establish areas susceptible to flooding and their impact on the population through the effects on the unit of analysis “housing”. To simulate the floods and map the affected areas, the FluBiDi 2D model was used. Two conditions for one urban zone analysed within the Mexico Valley were compared: (a) with the current hydraulic infrastructure and (b) with the application of rectification of channels. The available information was the discharge getting into the catchment and the total of homes in 2015. Projections for 20-year and 50-year planning horizon were considered, and for the 50 years, an evaluation of a non-structural measure was applied. Results show that under the current infrastructure, the flood simulated had a flow depth of 20 cm, decreasing to 5 cm average with rectification of channels, and a decrement of 45% of the cost of housing risk. Applying the both structural and non-structural measures, the cost of vulnerable housing was reduced until 94%, thus, this a trustworthy tool for decision-making in urban developments

Análisis de las inundaciones en la planicie tabasqueña en el periodo 1995-2010

Se analizan los factores que influyen en las inundaciones de la planicie tabasqueña, como la ausencia de ordenamiento territorial adecuado, la deforestación de la parte alta de las cuencas, un falso concepto de disminución del régimen hidrológico asociado con la construcción de las grandes presas en el río Grijalva y el cambio climático. Para el periodo 1995-2010 se hace una revisión de las precipitaciones, escurrimientos, manejo de las presas de la cuenca del río Grijalva e inundaciones; se presentan las acciones que se han tomado para reducir los riesgos de inundación a la población durante ese periodo, incluyendo el Programa Integral de Control de Inundaciones y el Programa Hídrico Integral de Tabasco, señalando la diferencia conceptual entre ellos. El objeto del presente artículo es describir la evolución de las aproximaciones de solución al problema de reducción de desastres por inundación en la planicie Tabasqueña, la gestión de embalses y una propuesta de gestión del territorio basado en la aplicación de un modelo numérico hidráulico bidimensional y un nomograma de resistencia al vuelco

Simulación de la onda de avenida por ruptura de tanque de enfriamiento

Se llevó a cabo la simulación de la ruptura del borde de un tanque de enfriamiento usando dos métodos: Uno de volúmenes finitos denominado CARPA y un algoritmo en diferencias finitas centradas. El algoritmo en volúmenes finitos CARPA utilizado con el pre y post procesador GiD mostró ser una herramienta muy poderosa en la animación de planicies de inundación, útiles en la interpretación de resultados tanto en el espacio como en el tiempo, para la protección civil, así como para definir las posibles zonas afectadas debido a fenómenos como el de la ruptura de bordos.Postprint (published version

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Application of a Regionalization Method for Estimating Flash Floods: Cuautepec Basin, Mexico

A rainfall regionalization method based on variation coefficient was applied with a variant in the construction of flash flood hyetographs with several return periods using the flash flood shape of the historical event that occurred in September 2021 in the Tlalnepantla River basin, Mexico, that caused severe damage to population and its infrastructure in a few hours. The historical flash flood was simulated with a semi-distributed model in the free software HEC-HMS in order to obtain the outflow hydrograph, and the flood plains were obtained with Iber and Hec-Ras 2d software that simulate free surface flow with a two-dimensional analysis. With photographs of the site, it was possible to locate traces of water that were contrasted with they calculated depths; they were concordant. Synthetic design storms were then simulated to estimate their potential consequences on the site

Benchmarking of a bidimensional flood analysis with a structural measure in the catchment Rosarito Huahuatay Baja California Sur, Mexico

The main objective of the research reflects the great need to generate hazard maps and calculate risk in the basin Huahuatay Rosarito in Baja California Sur, Mexico. For the topography in the study area, it is associated with a basin with fast response to rainfall - runoff relationship, because of that is considered necessary to establish the cell size of 50 m side and a time increment of 0.65 seconds. The estimate of the flow of water on the surface from the rain was based on the characterization of soils and vegetation cover, through the called number of the runoff curve proposed by the Soil Conservation Service. Flood areas calculated with a mathematical model of two-dimensional hydraulically from rain (FLUBIDI); they are sensitive to the quality of the input data. Thus, a digital terrain model with good resolution is undoubtedly necessary, and it depends on the path of the runoff. A good estimate of the effective rainfall, in time and space allows for a volume of runoff, flood areas and depths according to the hydraulic conditions of the study area. The size of the elements of the mesh used in the calculations generally is higher than the resolution of digital terrain models available, so that processing time would be suitable and which are related to cell size. The results successfully represent runoff within the watershed. Appropriate selection of the value of the friction coefficient of the Manning formula influences, largely, in the magnitudes of the velocities and depths of flow. Maps maximum depths, maximum speed and severity parameter (or multiplication deep drag velocity) for return periods of two, 5, 10, 50 and 100 years for river floods and storm were obtained. The maximum values that appear in the maps refer to the largest amount came to present at a certain point in each of the cells in the spreadsheet grid. Maps where the expected damage is presented annually were also developed. The damages were estimated at 60,250 homes and be led risk analysis for return periods from 2 to 100 years. Not necessarily, the works are constructed to reduce flood damages. Sometimes the water that temporarily occupied an area of land can be shifted to other areas where it could cause further injury; it is therefore advisable to make comprehensive basin-wide studies to evaluate the goodness of the proposed works, usually with simulation models embracing the basin where the floodplains are located

Analysis of flooding in urban areas, taking into account the residence time of the water on site case of study: Veracruz, México

Analysing some aspects of water management in urban areas affected by flooding, an event that occurred in September 2010 by overflows Cotaxtla Jamapa and rivers in western Mexico along with the rain event for five consecutive days. In this area, near the Gulf of Mexico, the elevations are less than three meters elevation. Floods are common in cities like Veracruz, in this article the flood risk calculated by means of a hydraulic model of rainfall-runoff dimensional type developed at the Institute of Engineering of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Data digital terrain elevation models of LIDAR were used, records hourly rainfall levels and channels of some hydrometric stations of the National Water Commission. The location of housing and services in a metropolitan area considered to calculate the depths of flooding in them. To estimate the damage, shall take into account the hydrodynamic behaviour of the flows. Since houses remain flooded for several days, was the reason to use precipitation level for more than seven days. in the mathematical modelling of flows water with a regular grid made up of cells 10 m by side with the boundary condition downstream, corresponding to the predicted change in the average sea level

Analysis of flooding in urban areas, taking into account the residence time of the water on site case of study: Veracruz, México

Analysing some aspects of water management in urban areas affected by flooding, an event that occurred in September 2010 by overflows Cotaxtla Jamapa and rivers in western Mexico along with the rain event for five consecutive days. In this area, near the Gulf of Mexico, the elevations are less than three meters elevation. Floods are common in cities like Veracruz, in this article the flood risk calculated by means of a hydraulic model of rainfall-runoff dimensional type developed at the Institute of Engineering of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Data digital terrain elevation models of LIDAR were used, records hourly rainfall levels and channels of some hydrometric stations of the National Water Commission. The location of housing and services in a metropolitan area considered to calculate the depths of flooding in them. To estimate the damage, shall take into account the hydrodynamic behaviour of the flows. Since houses remain flooded for several days, was the reason to use precipitation level for more than seven days. in the mathematical modelling of flows water with a regular grid made up of cells 10 m by side with the boundary condition downstream, corresponding to the predicted change in the average sea level