Oilprotect - Utilisation des huiles essentielles comme insecticide pour les grains stockés

Cereals are consumed in our alimentation through different forms. Between the harvesting in fields and the human/livestock consumption, cereals can be stocked for long months in silos. During this period, these cereals are potential food resources for many insects (S. granarius, O. surinamensis, R. dominica, …) that can cause 10-30% losses in silos. On a global scale, it concerns millions of tons of cereal per year. Consequently, many insecticides have been developed on the market to overcome this issue. Even if current molecules are less toxic than before, the residues that are present are a major challenge for public and animal health, as well as for environment. The OILPROTECT project takes place in this context by trying to find a less toxic alternative to current insecticides. Plants have developed natural defence mechanisms and specific compounds against pests in the course of their evolution. These compounds have the particularity of being non-toxic for vertebrate considering the recommended use dose and are often present in our food condiments. The main goal of this project is to formulate an efficient and natural insecticide with different essential oils and to obtain a residue-free product on grain. In that context, essential oils were chemically characterized and their toxicities were determined. Then, an in-depth study of cereal silos eco-systems was carried out in the lab to determine the potential protection of this kind of treatment with plant extracts.Oilprotect - use of essential oil as insecticide for grain storag

The soul of Malaya

xii, 247 p.; 21 cm

The Underestimated Prevalence of Neglected Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women, a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in France

International audienceDysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, and non-menstrual chronic pelvic pain (NMCPP) are symptoms that are probably underreported and neglected. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and overlapping relations between these symptoms among a general population of French women of reproductive age. A cross-sectional study among the nationwide CONSTANCES cohort study recruiting a representative sample of women within different French areas was constructed. Women aged 18–49 years (n = 21,287) who reported periods in the previous three months and experienced intercourse at least once were asked about prevalence of three types of chronic pelvic pain: mild, moderate and severe dysmenorrhea; dyspareunia assessed according to its frequency; NMCPP from a binary question. Between the start of 2012 through the end of 2017, 21,287 women were enrolled, 39.8% of them (95% confidence interval (CI), 39.2–40.5) reported moderate to severe dysmenorrhea; 20.3% (95% CI, 18.7–21.9) of the youngest group (18–24 years) reported severe dysmenorrhea. Dyspareunia was reported to happen often or always by 7.9% (95% CI, 7.5–8.2) and peaked among the youngest women at 12.8% (95% CI, 11.5–14.1). NMCPP was reported by 17.0% (95% CI, 16.5–17.5). Moreover, 7.5% (95% CI, 6.4–8.6) of the women reported two or more types of severe or frequent pain. More attention should be paid to this substantial proportion (7.5%) of French women of reproductive age who experience multiple, severe and frequent pelvic pain symptoms

VOC profile analyses for the development of sensors for rapid on-line slaughterhouse detection of boar taint in entire male pigs

Boar taint is a strong unpleasant smell found in the meat of some uncastrated male pigs. This taint originates mainly from two molecules stored in the fat, androstenone and skatole and to a lesser extent indole. These molecules are emitted when cooking meat, releasing a urine- and fecal- like odour which leads to a strong consumer dissatisfaction. To ensure that tainted meat does not reach the consumer, detection of tainted carcasses is performed in slaughterhouses. Fast, cheap and accurate sensor-based methods are being developed to replace current human nose or colorimetric methods. This study aims at determining which VOC could be aimed by sensors for boar taint detection during heating of the fat and understanding whether some VOC found in slaughterhouse’s air could interfere with the correct functioning of the sensor.AGROSENSO

Insecticidal Activity of 25 Essential Oils on the Stored Product Pest, Sitophilus granarius

The granary weevil Sitophilus granarius is a stored product pest found worldwide. Environmental damages, human health issues and the emergence of resistance are driving scientists to seeks alternatives to synthetic insecticides for its control. With low mammal toxicity and low persistence, essential oils are more and more being considered a potential alternative. In this study, we compare the toxicity of 25 essential oils, representing a large array of chemical compositions, on adult granary weevils. Bioassays indicated that Allium sativum was the most toxic essential oil, with the lowest calculated lethal concentration 90 (LC90) both after 24 h and 7 days. Gaultheria procumbens, Mentha arvensis and Eucalyptus dives oils appeared to have a good potential in terms of toxicity/cost ratio for further development of a plant-derived biocide. Low influence of exposure time was observed for most of essential oils. The methodology developed here offers the possibility to test a large array of essential oils in the same experimental bioassay and in a standardized way. It is a first step to the development of new biocide for alternative management strategies of stored product pests