Coastal high-frequency radars in the Mediterranean ??? Part 2: Applications in support of science priorities and societal needs

International audienceThe Mediterranean Sea is a prominent climate-change hot spot, with many socioeconomically vital coastal areas being the most vulnerable targets for maritime safety, diverse met-ocean hazards and marine pollution. Providing an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution at wide coastal areas, high-frequency radars (HFRs) have been steadily gaining recognition as an effective land-based remote sensing technology for continuous monitoring of the surface circulation, increasingly waves and occasionally winds. HFR measurements have boosted the thorough scientific knowledge of coastal processes, also fostering a broad range of applications, which has promoted their integration in coastal ocean observing systems worldwide, with more than half of the European sites located in the Mediterranean coastal areas. In this work, we present a review of existing HFR data multidisciplinary science-based applications in the Mediterranean Sea, primarily focused on meeting end-user and science-driven requirements, addressing regional challenges in three main topics: (i) maritime safety, (ii) extreme hazards and (iii) environmental transport process. Additionally, the HFR observing and monitoring regional capabilities in the Mediterranean coastal areas required to underpin the underlying science and the further development of applications are also analyzed. The outcome of this assessment has allowed us to provide a set of recommendations for future improvement prospects to maximize the contribution to extending science-based HFR products into societally relevant downstream services to support blue growth in the Mediterranean coastal areas, helping to meet the UN's Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and the EU's Green Deal goals

Coastal high-frequency radars in the Mediterranean ??? Part 1: Status of operations and a framework for future development

Due to the semi-enclosed nature of the Mediterranean Sea, natural disasters and anthropogenic activities impose stronger pressures on its coastal ecosystems than in any other sea of the world.With the aim of responding adequately to science priorities and societal challenges, littoral waters must be effectively monitored with high-frequency radar (HFR) systems. This land-based remote sensing technology can provide, in near-real time, fine-resolution maps of the surface circulation over broad coastal areas, along with reliable directional wave and wind information. The main goal of this work is to showcase the current status of the Mediterranean HFR network and the future roadmap for orchestrated actions. Ongoing collaborative efforts and recent progress of this regional alliance are not only described but also connected with other European initiatives and global frameworks, highlighting the advantages of this cost-effective instrument for the multi-parameter monitoring of the sea state. Coordinated endeavors between HFR operators from different multi-disciplinary institutions are mandatory to reach a mature stage at both national and regional levels, striving to do the following: (i) harmonize deployment and maintenance practices; (ii) standardize data, metadata, and quality control procedures; (iii) centralize data management, visualization, and access platforms; and (iv) develop practical applications of societal benefit that can be used for strategic planning and informed decision-making in the Mediterranean marine environment. Such fit-for-purpose applications can serve for search and rescue operations, safe vessel navigation, tracking of marine pollutants, the monitoring of extreme events, the investigation of transport processes, and the connectivity between offshore waters and coastal ecosystems. Finally, future prospects within the Mediterranean framework are discussed along with a wealth of socioeconomic, technical, and scientific challenges to be faced during the implementatio

Hitler, Mussolini and the Vatican: Pope Pius XI and the Speech That was Never Made

Uses newly released and unpublished documentation from the Vatican Secret Archive to show how Pope Pius XI grappled with fascism and Nazism, and how his spirituality, rather then political views, led him to increasingly speak out against Nazism

Santuari mariani in Italia tra Otto e Novecento

Da una contestualizzazione europea che vede una grande ripresa del culto mariano, dei pellegrinaggi e dei santuari ad esso legati, si approfondiscono alcuni casi esemplari nazionali come il santuario di Loreto, di Pompei, del Divino Amore di Roma e dei santuri del nord. Si coglie l’intreccio tra la storia di ogni santuario e la rete dell’associazionismo sociale, poltico ed anche economico così fortemente articolato e vitale durante il pontificato di Leone XIII, di cui i santuri, con fondamantali differenze tra quelli del nord e quelli del sud, fungono spesso da «luogo di riferimento spirituale collettivo » . Se ne colgono poi i rapporti con le vicende fondamentali della storia nazionale, la complementarietà e concorrenza con i miti dell’Italia nascente, la partecipazione ai grandi momenti nazionali collettevi come le guerre, fino al tentavo del fascismo di farne luoghi di aplificazione dei miti nazionalistici. Si vede poi cone il santuario, dopo il Concilio Vaticano II diventi sempre più luogo di aggregazione e promozione spirituale, cui fanno capo i nuovi movimenti ecclesiali, spesso in alternativa alla funzione un tempo svolta dalle parrocchie.Fattorini Emma. Santuari mariani in Italia tra Otto e Novecento. In: Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Italie et Méditerranée, tome 117, n°2. 2005. Sanctuaires français et italiens dans le monde contemporain. pp. 457-486

Introduzione

Introduzion

Donne e madri. Dalla parità alla differenza

L'autrice indaga in chiave storica la condizione femminile in Italia, a partire dal 1946, per arrivare ai giorni d'oggi, evidenziando persistenti disparità sul piano economico e sociale e, anche alla luce dell'odierno problema della denatalità, proponendo interventi correttivi sul piano legislativo atti a riconoscere le molteplici capacità lavorative delle donne e la loro centralità nella famiglia