Comparison of different universal adhesives’ bond strength to laser-assisted bleached enamel

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of several universal adhesives used in different application modes to laser-assisted bleached enamel.Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted 72 sound bovine incisors were used for the study. The teeth were bleached with 38% of hydrogen peroxide gel that was activated with a diode laser (Epic). The diode laser with a 949nm wavelength was used at 7 W in continuous mode for 30 s. After bleaching procedure, the teeth were kept in artificial saliva for 2 weeks. The bleached teeth were randomly assigned into three groups according to different universal adhesive systems (n=24); Single Bond Universal-SU, All-Bond Universal-ABU and Adhese Universal-ADU. All adhesives were applied in two modes: a- etch&rinse (ER); and b- self etch (SE). A cylinder-shaped resin composite was placed on treated surfaces and cured. After storage of specimen in distilled water for 24 h, they were subjected to shear bond strength test. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test (α = 0.05) Results: The highest mean shear bond strength values were obtained in Single Bond Universal group used in self-etch mode (p<0.05). No difference was observed between All-Bond Universal and Adhese Universal. In etch&rinse application mode, Adhese Universal resulted in significantly lower bond strength values (p<0.05) than Single Bond Universal and All-Bond Universal. For all groups, etch&rinse application mode caused significantly higher bond strength values. Conclusion: The bonding performance of tested universal adhesives was enhanced with the etch&rinse mode application  to diode laser- assisted bleached enamel. Key Words: Diode laser, universal adhesives, bleachin

Why do some patients with stage 1A and 1B endometrial endometrioid carcinoma experience recurrence? A retrospective study in search of prognostic factors

Objectives: Endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) is the most encountered subtype of endometrial cancer (EC). Our study aimed to investigate the factors affecting recurrence in patients with stage 1A and 1B EEC. Material and methods: Our study included 284 patients diagnosed with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage 1A/1B EEC in our center from 2010 to 2018. The clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were obtained retrospectively from their electronic files. Results: The median age of the patients was 60 years (range 31–89). The median follow-up time of the patients was 63.6 months (range 3.3–185.6). Twenty-two (7.74%) patients relapsed during follow-up. Among the relapsed patients, 59.1% were at stage 1A ECC, and 40.9% were at stage 1B. In our study, the one-, three-, and five-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 98.9%, 95.4%, and 92.9%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, grade and tumor size were found to be independent parameters of RFS in all stage 1 EEC patients. Furthermore, the Ki-67 index was found to affect RFS in stage 1A EEC patients, and tumor grade affected RFS in stage 1B EEC patients. In the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the statistically significant cut-off values were determined for tumor size and Ki-67 index in stage 1 EEC patients. Conclusions: Stage 1-EEC patients in the higher risk group in terms of tumor size, Ki-67, and grade should be closely monitored for recurrence. Defining the prognostic factors for recurrence in stage 1 EEC patients may lead to changes in follow-up algorithms

Touch imprint cytology of prostate core needle biopsy specimens: A useful method for immediate reporting of prostate cancer

Background: Cytology plays an important role in the preoperative assessment of many cancers. It is used as a first-line pathological investigation in both screening and diagnostic purposes. Aims: To determine the diagnostic value and accuracy of touch imprint cytology (TIC) smear of prostate core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty-one patients had ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate CNB. A total of 1210 TIC smears were prepared from all CNB specimens. Results: Diagnoses of 1210 TIC smears were compared with the histopathological findings of the CNB specimens. One hundred and seventy (14%) TIC smears were found positive for malignancy, 35 (2.9%) were diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy and 1005 (83.1%) were found negative for malignancy. Twenty-five of 35 suspicious imprints and 150 of 170 malignant smears were confirmed to be malignant on histopathological evaluation. Although 20 malignant TIC smears were defined as benign in standard histological preparations, 10 of them had definitive diagnosis of malignancy following extensive serial sectioning. Last of all, there were 10 false-positive cytology results. Moreover, 10 of the 35 suspected TIC smears were false negative when compared with the histopathological diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of touch imprint smear results were 100%, 98%, 90.2% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: TIC smears can provide an immediate and reliable cytological diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. It may clearly help the rapid detection of carcinoma, particularly in highly suspected cases that had negative routine biopsy results for malignancy with abnormal serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and atypical digital rectal examination

Histopathological Changes of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation and Relation with the Pre-Treatment Tumor Stage in Rectal Carcinoma

Objective: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has considered one of the standard treatment modalities for locally advanced rectal cancers. Chemoradiotherapy has a variety of different effects and responses on tumor, tumor bed and peritumoral tissues. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the stromal responses in tumor bed between the different treatment modalities and different clinical T stages. Methods: Fifty-seven consecutive patients with median age of 62.4 years were treated for rectal adenocarcinoma between January 2005 and July 2012 in Uludag University Medical Faculty. Twenty-three of the patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and following surgery, 34 patients treated with surgery only. Results: When we compared the stromal responses in the tumor bed between the two different treatment modalities, the amount of fibrosis and intensity of inflammatory cell infiltration were found considerably marked. The existence of calcification, hemosiderin-laden macrophages and mucin lakes were found also significant marked. There was no difference found in between the patients with different clinical stages which were received neoadjuvant CRT. Conclusion: The stromal response in the tumor bed increases with the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy but the excess of the response doesn't have any relation with the clinical T stage