Highly multiplexed, label-free proteoform imaging of tissues by individual ion mass spectrometry.

Imaging of proteoforms in human tissues is hindered by low molecular specificity and limited proteome coverage. Here, we introduce proteoform imaging mass spectrometry (PiMS), which increases the size limit for proteoform detection and identification by fourfold compared to reported methods and reveals tissue localization of proteoforms at <80-μm spatial resolution. PiMS advances proteoform imaging by combining ambient nanospray desorption electrospray ionization with ion detection using individual ion mass spectrometry. We demonstrate highly multiplexed proteoform imaging of human kidney, annotating 169 of 400 proteoforms of <70 kDa using top-down MS and a database lookup of ~1000 kidney candidate proteoforms, including dozens of key enzymes in primary metabolism. PiMS images reveal distinct spatial localizations of proteoforms to both anatomical structures and cellular neighborhoods in the vasculature, medulla, and cortex regions of the human kidney. The benefits of PiMS are poised to increase proteome coverage for label-free protein imaging of tissues

The Evaluation of the Physical Child Abuse [Fiziksel Cocuk Istismarinin Incelenmesi]

Child abuse is the implementation of an unacceptable behavior to child by an adult in a certain period in that culture. Generally, the child abuse and neglect is defined as any kind of behavior that impacts growth and development of the child adversely. It is seen that children exposed to abuse are mostly brought to the emergency services because of the tumbling and home accidents. Unambiguous of child abuse for being time when faced with traumatic cases in pediatric age group should be approached with suspicion. In addition, at the child protection centers in the hospitals, the medical, legal and social evaluation of the child must be carried out without distress from a single center, nothing with the recurrence story and examination of the cases with painful. Our laws articles about the child abuse and neglect are inadequate because there aren't special items connected with the child abuse and neglect in our laws. Therefore, for the prevention of child abuse, the treatment and rehabilitation of victims, the special laws connected with the subject matter should be prepared by the legislator. In this study; it was aimed to be examined the cases about abuse and neglect to investigate the medical, legal and social process, being determined the necessary of the evaluation as forensic case of suspicious child physical abuse cases. [Med-Science 2014; 3(2.000): 1315-31

A Sexually Abused Child Who Committed Suicide: Case Report

The sexual abuse of children is defined to be used for sexual satisfaction of an adult. In this case report forensic, and medical files of a 16-year-old girl who had committed suicide by drug overdose were investigated. It is learned that about 18 months ago she had began to date with her 20-year-old boy friend from the same village. At the beginning mutual tolerance, and willingness governed their love affair. However for the previous year she had been forced, threatened, and kidnapped for sexual intercourse. She had told that she couldn't break up her relationship because of his fearful, and insulting threats, and subsequently she had been a victim of frequent sexual assaults. Finally, while she had been forced, and retained for a sexual intercourse in the barn, her family informed the legal authorities of her absence. When she had been found, she had declared that her boy friend gave him a glass of cola drink, and battered her on the neck, so she couldn't recall everything fully. Her physical examination revealed signs of trauma on her head, and extremities, and her psychological, evaluation demonstrated a disordered mental health state because of sexual assaults she had been exposed to. She had been hospitalized in a psychiatry clinic, and discharged in ten days. Five days after her discharge from the hospital, she attempted suicide by swallowing 24 different kinds of tablets routinely used by her grandmother. According to hospital records, despite appropriate treatment she had a cardiac arrest and died. It was concluded that the victim who had a history of sexual assault nearly two weeks ago, had died of visceral organ bleeding, and cardiac arrhythmia due to intake of multiple drugs with the intent of committing suicide. The abuse case among the risky groups for suicide is an important public health problem. About the prevention of the sexual abuses and the suicides; education, treatment, social rehabilitation should be provided, and the safety precautions must be taken. [Med-Science 2013; 2(1.000): 450-3

Importance of Multi-Slice Computed Tomography for Autopsy: Single Center Experience

Virtopsy applications are widely-used minimally invasive autopsy techniques which are assistive techniques to increase the efficacy of the autopsy. The aim of this study was to show whether or not Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) could be an alternative autopsy method or used in place of autopsy in some cases. In this study, evaluation was made of 20 forensic cases with MSCT applied pre-autopsy followed by conventional autopsy at Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital between 08.11.2006 and 30.09.2007. The cases were 17 male and three female in an age range of four months to 69 years. The cause of death was stated for all except one case, which was in an advanced stage of decomposition. The findings of the MSCT taken before the autopsy were compared with the conventional autopsy findings and the place of virtopsy in forensic cases was discussed. When it is considered that autopsy is necessary in some cases, it can be said that for some, MCST is superior to autopsy, so in some cases it could be an alternative or a supplementary method. Examination made with radiological imaging, as an independent, objective non-invasive observer means that data related to the corpse can be retrieved from digital storage and provides the opportunity for re-examination years after the organ remains have decomposed or been discarded. [Med-Science 2015; 4(1.000): 2039-56

Childhood deaths from sexual abuse in istanbul, Turkey: Medicolegal assessment

Aims: The evaluation of sexually abused children is a part of forensic medicine practice. Such assaults may result in the death of the victim due to different causes. Aim of this study was to present the childhood deaths determined as associated with sexual abuse according to smear results, genital and postmortem examinations, to determine the groups under the risk, and to contribute to the identification of the offenders

The School Bullying in Sivas-Questionnaire Study

Violence among bullying, although not a new concept has increased steadily in the last period. This study, 9 and 10 in the grade of 1200 students applied to study through a survey of school violence prevention and inter-flow prevention was intended to put forward proposals for the solution in the center of Sivas. In determining the number of students included in the study stratified sampling method used and the selection of students was done with simple random sampling method. Questionnaire; sociodemographic characteristics and violence against the approach consists of containing the problem. Data SPSS (Ver: 10.0) were evaluated using the khi-square test. 722 of students (60.2%) men, 478 (39.8%) and girls, ages between 14-18 years and mean age 15.75 ± 0.85. Between gender differences in terms of violence and brute force is significant (p [Med-Science 2013; 2(4.000): 885-95